Long term influence of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus on refraction and its components: a population based twin study
a Department of Ophthalmology, Odense
University Hospital, Denmark, b Department of
Ophthalmology, Aarhus Kommune Hospital and Odense University,
Denmark, c Genetic Epidemiology Research
Unit, Odense University, Denmark
Correspondence to: Correspondence to: Niels Løgstrup, Department of Ophthalmology, Vejle Hospital, 7100 Vejle, Denmark.
Accepted for publication 12 February
1997
AIM
To study whether refraction of the eye, or
some of its components is influenced by duration of insulin dependent
diabetes mellitus.
METHODSFrom the young cohort of the population
based Danish Twin Register, containing 20 888 twin pairs born between
1953 and 1982, all twin pairs having one or both partners affected with
IDDM were searched. Autorefraction, autokeratometry, and ultrasonic biometric measurements were carried out on 45 twin pairs: 16 monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs, 14 dizygotic twin pairs of same sex
(DZss), and 15 dizygotic twin pairs of opposite sex (DZos). To obtain
an estimate of the influence of duration of diabetes, the
intrapair differences in duration of diabetes were correlated with
intrapair differences in refraction and each of its components.
RESULTSRefraction was statistically significantly
negatively correlated with duration of diabetes in the DZss group, and
axial length correspondingly positively correlated. Surprisingly,
refraction and axial length in the MZ group, adjusted for confounding
factors, were correlated with diabetes duration in the opposite
direction than in the DZss group, although not reaching
statistical significance. Lens thickness was statistically
significantly positively correlated with duration of diabetes in both
MZ and DZ twins. Anterior chamber depth was negatively correlated with
duration of diabetes in all the zygosity groups.
CONCLUSIONSStudies of relations between
refraction and duration of diabetes show diverging results. In the MZ
group, a tendency to reduced axial length and corresponding hyperopia
with increasing duration of diabetes was found. However, in the DZ
group of same sex the opposite tendency was found. Increasing lens
thickness and decreasing anterior chamber depth with increasing
duration of diabetes have been confirmed in this study.
© 1997 by British Journal of Ophthalmology
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