ORIGINAL ARTICLES

Experimental selective choriocapillaris photothrombosis using a modified indocyanine green formulation

J A Cardillo^1,2, R Jorge², R A Costa¹, S M T Nunes³, D Lavinsky², B D Kuppermann⁴, A C Tedesco³ and M E Farah²

¹ Retinal Diagnostic and Treatment Division, Hospital de Olhos de Araraquara, Araraquara, Brazil
² Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo, Paulista School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
³ Department of Chemistry, State University of São Paulo (USP-Ribeirão Preto), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
⁴ Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA

Correspondence to:
J A Cardillo, Hospital de Olhos de Araraquara, R: Henrique Dall’Aqua, 45. Araraquara-SP, Brazil, 14802-530; hospitaldeolhos{at}uol.com.br

Background: This in vivo study assessed and compared the effectiveness of an aqueous indocyanine green (ICG) formulation (R-ICG) and a lipid ICG formulation (L-ICG) in occluding the rabbit choriocapillaris, and determined the singlet oxygen quantum yields and aggregation properties of both formulations in vitro.

Methods: Singlet oxygen production and aggregation were compared. The eye fundus of 30 albino rabbits was irradiated 0–15 min after dye injection using an 810 nm diode laser. Fluorescein angiography and light microscopy were used to evaluate the safety and efficacy of R-ICG and L-ICG.

Results: L-ICG decreased the dimerisation constant and the tendency of ICG to form aggregates, and increased the efficiency of ICG in generating singlet oxygen (R-ICG, = 0.120 and L-ICG, = 0.210). Using a 10 mg/kg dose, choriocapillaris occlusion was achieved at a light dose of 35.8 J/cm² with L-ICG and 71.6 J/cm² with R-ICG with minimal damage to the neurosensory retina.

Conclusion: Restrictions to the use of ICG in aqueous solution, low singlet oxygen quantum yields and high aggregation tendency, were overcome with L-ICG. The lower laser irradiance required to obtain choriocapillaris occlusion may suggest that L-ICG is a more potent and selective photosensitiser than R-ICG.

Competing interests: None.

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