Cholinergic inhibition by botulinum toxin in a rat model of congenital glaucoma raises intraocular pressure

¹ Department of Ophthalmology, University of Saarland, Germany
² Department of Experimental Ophthalmology, University of Muenster, Germany
³ Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Germany

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: zisis.gatzioufas{at}uniklinikum-saarland.de.

Accepted 2 February 2008

	Abstract

Background: Cholinergic receptors are crucially involved in the regulation of intraocular pressure (IOP). Muscarinic agonists in the trabecular meshwork tissue increase aqueous humor outflow facility by a direct stimulation of ciliary muscle contraction. We investigated the contribution of cholinergic state to IOP regulation.

Methods: Intracameral injections of botulinum toxin A (BTA) were applied in a group with four normotensive rats and a group with four glaucoma rats (genetic glaucoma model). BTA is a potent neurotoxin which inhibits presynaptic cholinergic transmission for 6 to 8 weeks. The same amount of saline was injected in a third group of four normotensive rats (sham condition). IOP measurements were performed preoperatively, as well as one, two and four weeks postoperatively. Afterwards the rat eyes were removed and subjected to immunhistochemistry and Western blotting analysis using antibodies against choline acetyltransferase (CHAT).

Results: Mean IOP in both normotensive groups was unaltered compared to the preoperative status. The glaucoma group showed a significant increase of the mean IOP (Student's test, p<0.05) and a signal reduction for CHAT by immunolabelling in the trabecular meshwork compared to the other two groups. Western blotting confirmed the decreased expression of CHAT.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that modification of the cholinergic status in the normotensive eye does not affect significantly the IOP; cholinergic regulation of the ciliary trabecular meshwork may have differential levels of control, apart from the ciliary muscle contraction. Moreover, it seems that differential expression of the muscarinic receptors may be responsible for the decreased trabecular cholinergic state occurring in this rat model of glaucoma.