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Footnotes

  • Contributors AK and SI were responsible for the conception and design, AK, KN and WS performed analysis and interpretation of data described in the study, AK drafted the article, and KN, WS and SI contributed to discussion and reviewed the article. All authors approved the final version submitted for publication.

  • Funding This work was supported in part by the Matching Program for Innovations in Future Drug Discovery and Medical Care, Takeda Science Foundation, Mishima Saiichi Memorial Ophthalmic Research Japan Foundation, and a grant-in-aid from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (to AK, No. 24791823).

  • Competing interests None.

  • Ethics approval The institutional review board of Hokkaido University Hospital.

  • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.