Epidemic optic neuropathy in primary school children in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- aDepartment of Ophthalmology, Royal United Hospitals, Bath BA1 3NG, bInternational Centre for Eye Health, Institute of Ophthalmology, Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, cDepartment of Ophthalmology, Muhimbili Medical Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, dNational Hospital for Neurology, Queen’s Square, London WC1N 3BG
- Dr Paul Dolin, Global Tuberculosis Programme, World Health Organisation, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.
- Accepted 18 September 1997
Abstract
BACKGROUND An epidemic of bilateral optic neuropathy is affecting large numbers of people aged between 10 and 40 in Dar es Salaam, the capital city of Tanzania. The disease is characterised by acute onset of bilateral visual impairment, bilateral impairment of colour vision, and a characteristic temporal pallor of the optic discs. The disease often occurs in association with peripheral neuropathy and sensorineural hearing loss. This report presents the first data on disease prevalence in adolescents, based on a rapid assessment of schoolchildren.
METHODS Three schools in Dar es Salaam were visited and all children aged between 10 and 16 were screened for the disease.
RESULTS The prevalence of bilateral optic neuropathy among the schoolchildren is estimated to be 1.0% (95% CI 0.5–1.4%). This suggests that 5000 children (95% CI 2600–7300) aged 10–16 in Dar es Salaam may have the disease.
CONCLUSION The results of this rapid assessment indicate this epidemic is a major public health problem. The prevalence of the disease in the community is likely to be far higher than found in this survey because children with the disease may have withdrawn from school. As the disease predominantly affects young adults, resulting in impaired vision and hearing, the economic and social consequences are enormous.
