Table 5
Astigmatism in infants: comparison between the present and previous studies
| Author | Year | Method of refraction | No of patients (age) | Astigmatism ⩾1.0 D | Axis | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WTR | ATR | OBL | |||||||||
| Normal infants | |||||||||||
| Mohindra et al 29 | 1978 | Non-cycloplegic | 276 (0–50 weeks) | 45% | Axis not reported | ||||||
| Ingramet al 30 | 1979 | Cycloplegic | 148 (1 year) | 30% | Axis not reported | ||||||
| Fultonet al 31 | 1980 | Cycloplegic | 75 (0–60 weeks) | 19% | 18% | 82% | 0% | ||||
| Gwiazdaet al 32 | 1984 | Non-cycloplegic | 521 (0–11 months) | 52% | 38% | 43% | 19% | ||||
| Dobsonet al 33 | 1984 | Cycloplegic | 43 (0–18 months) | 20% | 20% | 76% | 4% | ||||
| Abrahamssonet al 34 | 1988 | Cycloplegic | 299 (1 year) | 100% | 6% | 91% | 3% | ||||
| Ehrlichet al 20 | 1997 | Cycloplegic | 254 (9 months) | 35% | 81% | 17% | 2% | ||||
| Down syndrome infants | |||||||||||
| Woodhouse et al 9 | 1997 | Non-cycloplegic | 23 (3–12 months) | 26% | Axis not reported | ||||||
| Present study | 2001 | Cycloplegic | 40 (3–12 months) | 53% | 95% | 5% | 0% | ||||
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↵Astigmatism ⩾1.0 D was one of the inclusion criteria in this study.
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WTR = “with the rule.”
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ATR = “against the rule.”
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OBL = oblique astigmatism.
