Table 2
Multivariate logistic regression models of any retinopathy, progression, progression to proliferative retinopathy, and incidence of macular oedema
| Incidence of any retinopathy | Progression of retinopathy | Progression to proliferative retinopathy | Incidence of macular oedema | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | ||||||||
| Younger onset: | |||||||||||||||
| Pulse rate, 10 bpm | 1.00 (0.82, 1.22) | 0.98 | 0.94 (0.83, 1.07) | 0.3 | 1.01 (0.8, 1.28) | 0.95 | 1.09 (0.88, 1.35) | 0.44 | |||||||
| Duration (years) | 1.17 (1.07, 1.29) | 0.001 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| Glycosylated Hb (%) | 1.53 (1.29, 1.81) | 0.0001 | 1.63 (1.48, 1.8) | 0.0001 | 1.75 (1.49, 2.05) | 0.0001 | 1.37 (1.2, 1.56) | 0.0001 | |||||||
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 1.04 (1.02, 1.07) | 0.0008 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | — | — | 1.02 (1.00, 1.04) | 0.01 | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| Retinopathy at baseline, step | — | — | — | — | 1.67 (1.49, 1.87) | 0.0001 | 1.24 (1.16, 1.34) | 0.0001 | |||||||
| Older onset: | |||||||||||||||
| Pulse rate, 10 bpm | 1.07 (0.9, 1.26) | 0.43 | 1.07 (0.95, 1.22) | 0.27 | 1.11 (0.81, 1.5) | 0.52 | 1.07 (0.8, 1.44) | 0.65 | |||||||
| Age (years) | 0.97 (0.96, 0.99) | 0.01 | 0.96 (0.95, 0.98) | 0.0001 | 0.95 (0.91, 0.99) | 0.02 | — | — | |||||||
| Glycosylated Hb (%) | 1.34 (1.18, 1.52) | 0.0001 | 1.39 (1.27, 1.52) | 0.0001 | 1.34 (1.09, 1.65) | 0.006 | 1.49 (1.24, 1.79) | 0.0001 | |||||||
| Duration (years) | — | — | 1.03 (1.00, 1.05) | 0.03 | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| Retinopathy at baseline, step | — | — | — | — | 1.64 (1.44, 1.87) | 0.0001 | 1.28 (1.17, 1.41) | 0.0001 | |||||||
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Glycosylated Hb = Glycosylated haemoglobin; bpm = beats per minute.
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↵OR = odds ratio. The OR shown is that associated with each indicated increment in the independent variable.
