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Br J Ophthalmol 88:782-787 doi:10.1136/bjo.2003.033258
  • Clinical science
    • Extended reports

Engaging families in health services research on childhood visual impairment: barriers to, and degree and nature of bias in, participation

Table 2

Comparison of respondents, non-respondents, and those not contacted in the post-CLT group

Respondents (n = 68) Non-respondents (n = 36) Difference in proportions (respondents v non-respondents) p Value Not contacted (n = 25) Difference in proportions (respondents v not-contacted) p Value
% (N) % (N) (95% CI) % (N) (95% CI)
Comparing white with all other ethnic groups using the UK Office for National Statistics classification.18
Severity
    Severe 23 (16) 28 (10) 5 (−14 to 22) 0.81 20 (5) 3 (−15 to 22) 0.94
    Moderate 37 (25) 33 (12) 4 (−16 to 23) 0.90 56 (14) 19 (−4 to 42) 0.15
    Mild 40 (27) 39 (14) 1 (−19 to 21) 0.90 24 (6) 16 (−4 to 36) 0.25
Parent’s language
    English 98 (57) 89 (25) 9 (−3 to 21) 0.19 69 (11) 29 (6 to 52) 0.001
    Other 2 (1) 11 (3) 31 (5)
Visual impairment in the family
    Yes 13 (7) 46 (13) 33 (12 to 54) 0.002 23 (5) 9 (−10 to 28) 0.51
    No 87 (48) 54 (15) 76 (18)
Complexity of condition
    Visual impairment alone 60 (41) 50 (18) 10 (−10 to 30) 0.42 48 (12) 12 (−10 to 35) 0.41
    Additional systemic problems 40 (27) 50 (18) 52 (13)
Ethnicity*
    White 85 (57) 81 (30) 4 (−11 to 19) 0.80 71 (17) 14 (−6 to 34) 0.22
    Non-white 15 (10) 19 (7) 29 (5)
Deprivation (population quintiles)
    1st to 2nd or 3rd quintile 69 (29) 67 (15) 2 (−21 to 25) 0.83 44 (7) 25 (−3 to 53) 0.15
    4th or 5th quintile 31 (13) 33 (7) 56 (9)
Deprivation index
    Mean −.18 −0.9 t = 1.26 0.21 1.58 t =  −2.89 0.005
    SD 2.75 2.79 3.31
Age of child
    Mean 2.11 2.53 t = −1.25 0.21 1.83 t = .80 0.43
    SD 1.67 1.56 .87

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