Table 2
Ocular biometry and refraction parameters for different parental smoking history
| Refractive error (D) | Axial length (mm) | Corneal curvature (mm) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (95% CI) | Adjusted mean* (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Adjusted mean* (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Adjusted mean* (95% CI) | ||
| For mother’s smoking, mean adjusted for age, sex, school, mother’s education, and mother’s myopia. | |||||||
| For father’s smoking, mean adjusted for age, sex, school, father’s education, and father’s myopia. | |||||||
| Mother who ever smoked during child’s lifetime | |||||||
| No | 1301 | −1.37 (−1.48 to −1.26) | −1.38 (−1.49 to −1.27) | 23.87 (23.81 to 23.93) | 23.87 (23.82 to 23.92) | 7.76 (7.75 to 7.77) | 7.76 (7.75 to 7.77) |
| Yes | 23 | −0.36 (−0.79 to 0.07) | −0.28 (−1.12 to 0.57) | 23.32 (22.97 to 23.68) | 23.34 (22.92 to 23.75) | 7.72 (7.64 to 7.81) | 7.74 (7.62 to 7.84) |
| p Value | 0.03 | 0.012 | 0.01 | 0.013 | 0.51 | 0.67 | |
| Number of cigarettes per day mother smoked during child’s lifetime | |||||||
| 0 | 1301 | −1.37 (−1.48 to −1.26) | −1.38 (−1.49 to −1.27) | 23.87 (23.81 to 23.93) | 23.87 (23.82 to 23.92) | 7.76 (7.75 to 7.77) | 7.76 (7.75 to 7.77) |
| 6 or fewer | 13 | −0.62 (−1.31 to 0.08) | −0.62 (−1.18 to −0.05) | 23.28 (22.70 to 23.87) | 23.55 (23.27 to 23.84) | 7.66 (7.53 to 7.79) | 7.76 (7.69 to 7.83) |
| 7 or more | 10 | −0.02 (−0.48 to 0.44) | +0.15 (−0.99 to 1.28) | 23.38 (22.97 to 23.80) | 23.24 (22.67 to 23.81) | 7.80 (7.69 to 7.91) | 7.76 (7.63 to 7.90) |
| p Value (trend) | 0.07 | 0.009 | 0.046 | 0.031 | 0.23 | 0.95 | |
| Number of years mother smoked during child’s lifetime | |||||||
| Regression coefficient | 1324 | 0.14 (0.03 to 0.24) | 0.15 (0.041 to 0.25) | −0.07 (−0.13 to −0.02) | −0.07 (−0.12 to −0.015) | −0.002 (−0.015 to 0.011) | 0.00013 (−0.013 to 0.013) |
| p Value (regression) | 0.011 | 0.006 | 0.012 | 0.012 | 0.78 | 0.98 | |
| Father who ever smoked during child’s lifetime | |||||||
| No | 871 | −1.40 (−1.55 to −1.26) | −1.37 (−1.51 to −1.23) | 23.88 (23.81 to 23.95) | 23.85 (23.79 to 23.92) | 7.75 (7.74 to 7.77) | 7.75 (7.73 to 7.77) |
| Yes | 434 | −1.24 (−1.42 to −1.06) | −1.31 (−1.50 to −1.11) | 23.82 (23.72 to 23.92) | 23.87 (23.77 to 23.96) | 7.77 (7.75 to 7.79) | 7.78 (7.75 to 7.80) |
| p Value | 0.31 | 0.60 | 0.47 | 0.84 | 0.30 | 0.077 | |
| Number of cigarettes per day father smoked during child’s lifetime | |||||||
| 0 | 871 | −1.40 (−1.55 to −1.26) | −1.37 (−1.51 to −1.24 | 23.88 (23.81 to 23.95) | 23.85 (23.79 to 23.91) | 7.75 (7.74 to 7.77) | 7.75 (7.74 to 7.77) |
| 6 or fewer | 152 | −1.30 (−1.61 to −0.99) | −1.34 (−1.46 to −1.22) | 23.84 (23.66 to 24.01) | 23.86 (23.80 to 23.92) | 7.77 (7.73 to 7.82) | 7.76 (7.75 to 7.78) |
| 7–12 | 142 | −1.34 (−1.67, −1.00) | −1.30 (−1.49, −1.12) | 23.84 (23.66, 24.02) | 23.87 (23.78, 23.96) | 7.77 (7.73, 7.81) | 7.77 (7.75, 7.80) |
| 13 or more | 139 | −1.09 (−1.40 to −0.78) | −1.27 (−1.55 to −0.99) | 23.78 (23.63 to 23.94) | 23.89 (23.75 to 24.02) | 7.76 (7.72 to 7.81) | 7.79 (7.75 to 7.82) |
| p Value (trend) | 0.52 | 0.53 | 0.88 | 0.67 | 0.68 | 0.092 | |
| Number of years father smoked during child’s lifetime | |||||||
| Regression coefficient | 1297 | 0.014 (−0.013 to 0.04) | 0.008 (−0.020 to 0.036) | −0.003 (−0.017 to 0.011) | 0.0003 (−0.014 to 0.014) | 0.002 (−0.0009 to 0.006) | 0.003 (−0.0004 to 0.006) |
| p Value (regression) | 0.32 | 0.57 | 0.67 | 0.96 | 0.15 | 0.089 | |
