rss
Br J Ophthalmol 89:550-553 doi:10.1136/bjo.2004.049726
  • Clinical science
    • Scientific reports

28 000 Cases of age related macular degeneration causing visual loss in people aged 75 years and above in the United Kingdom may be attributable to smoking

Table 3

 Association between smoking and AMD causing visual impairment

Risk factor Controls Cases Odds ratio adjusted for age and sex Odds ratio adjusted for confounders
OR 95% CI Wald test OR 95% CI Wald test
Data from 4364 controls and 516 cases in the 49 practices taking part in the vision add-on study in the MRC Trial of the Assessment and Management of Older People in the Community. Confidence intervals adjusted for clustered design of the study. Confounders: age (75–79, 80–84, 85–89, and 90+), sex, housing (owner, non-owner, sheltered), body mass index (quintiles), alcohol consumption (never, ex, current below median, current above median), cardiovascular disease (reported heart attack or stroke or angina as assessed by Rose questionnaire), hypertension (reported high blood pressure or current systolic>160 mm Hg or current diastolic >90 mm Hg).
Never smoked 1698 233 1 1
Ex-smoker 2281 220 1.13 0.88 to 1.44 0.382 1.13 0.86 to 1.47 0.376
Current smoker 378 60 2.33 1.61 to 3.37 <0.001 2.15 1.42 to 3.26 0.001
Never smoked 1698 233 1 1
<20 pack years 1286 143 1.18 0.90 to 1.55 0.214 1.17 0.86 to 1.58 0.303
20–<40 pack years 619 57 1.31 0.90 to 1.92 0.160 1.37 0.93 to 2.01 0.108
40 + pack years 627 59 1.41 0.96 to 2.05 0.075 1.24 0.80 to 1.93 0.336
Never smoked 1602 229 1 1
Stopped 20+ years 1588 140 0.89 0.69 to 1.17 0.399 0.86 0.65 to 1.14 0.295
Stopped 15–<20 years 273 25 1.33 0.85 to 12.08 0.213 1.33 0.82 to 2.14 0.241
Stopped 10–<15 years 223 20 1.42 0.87 to 2.34 0.160 1.41 0.80 to 2.48 0.233
Stopped 5–<10 years 135 16 2.39 1.29 to 5.00 0.015 2.46 1.28 to 4.72 0.008
Stopped <5 years 92 16 2.54 1.55 to 3.20 0.008 2.24 1.01 to 4.96 0.047
Current smoker 388 61 2.37 1.63 to 3.45 <0.001 2.02 1.36 to 2.99 0.001

This Article

  1. Abstract
  2. Full text
  3. PDF

Register for free content


Free sample
This recent issue is free to all users to allow everyone the opportunity to see the full scope and typical content of BJO.
View free sample issue >>

Don't forget to sign up for content alerts so you keep up to date with all the articles as they are published.