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Br J Ophthalmol 2007;91:120-121 doi:10.1136/bjo.2006.100297
  • Letter

The aetiology and associations of conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia: further evidence

  1. K M Waddell1,
  2. R Newton2
  1. 1Ruharo Eye Hospital and Uganda Eye Project, Mbarara, Uganda, Africa
  2. 2Epidemiology and Genetics Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
  1. Correspondence to: Dr R Newton Epidemiology and Genetics Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Seebohm Rowntree Building, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; rob.newton{at}egu.york.ac.uk
  • Accepted 27 June 2006

Kiire and Dhillon draw attention to the surge in cases of conjunctival neoplasia,1 but do not make clear that this has occurred mostly in sub-Saharan Africa—in Uganda, for example, the reported incidence has more than tripled over the past decade.2,3 HIV infection leads to a roughly 10-fold increase in the risk of conjunctival neoplasia, and in Africa, most people with conjunctival neoplasia are HIV positive.4–8 In a recent study of 414 cases in Uganda, 64% of people with conjunctival neoplasia were HIV positive; this applied to intraepithelial and invasive cases.9 Ophthalmologists in Western countries may see …

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Responses to this article

  • Treatment of conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia in Africa
    • KHUMBO KALUA
    Br J Ophthalmol published online August 12, 2009

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