rss
Br J Ophthalmol 2009;93:1415 doi:10.1136/bjo.2009.172825
  • Cover illustration

Electric Eyes: Wirtz iontophoresis electrodes

  1. Richard Keeler,
  2. Arun D Singh,
  3. Harminder S Dua

      The “shock” experienced by touching certain fish (electric fish) is described in ancient Egyptian texts dating from 2750 BC.1 Arab physicians attempted to provide relief from pain of gout and headaches by instructing patients to touch these fish in the expectation that the energy thus transferred would cure them of their ailment. The first study of electricity applied to the eye was in 1855 by the Frenchman B Duchenne. He noted that a continuous application of 1.4 milliamps of current to the eye affected light and colour …

      [Full text of this article]

      This Article

      1. Extract
      2. Full text
      3. PDF

      Responses

      1. Submit a response
      2. No responses published

      Register for free content

      The full back archive is now available for all BMJ Journals. Institutional subscribers may access the entire archive as part of their subscription. Personal subscribers will also have access to all content when logged in. Non-subscribers who register have free access to all articles published before 2006 right back to volume 1 issue 1. Register here to access the free archive of all BMJ Journals.

      Don't forget to sign up for content alerts so you keep up to date with all the articles as they are published.