• Neoplasia
• anatomy

Instruments to detect defects in the field of vision, known as perimeters, were invented around 1870. The outlines of the limits of the visual field and of the defects within were transcribed by the examiner. In 1882, a self-registering perimeter, illustrated on the cover, was invented by Malcom MacDonald McHardy, a consultant ophthalmologist at The Royal South London Hospital, later to be known as The Royal Eye Hospital.

The perimeter was made by the London opticians, Pickard and Curry of 195 Great Portland Street, W1. The …