Effect of sex on the frequency of bilateral involvement by age related macular degeneration (AMD) and age related maculopathy (ARM) lesions
| Outcomes | Female | Male | Multivariate adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total cases | No of bilateral (%) | Total cases | No of bilateral (%) | ||||||
| Any ARM | 139 | 116 (83) | 91 | 67 (74) | 1.6 (0.8–3.2) | ||||
| Any AMD | 47 | 30 (64) | 22 | 9 (41) | 2.5 (0.8–8.0) | ||||
| neovascular AMD | 33 | 17 (52) | 15 | 2 (13) | 7.7 (1.3–46.7) | ||||
| geographic atrophy | 25 | 16 (64) | 14 | 6 (43) | 2.4 (0.6–10.0) | ||||
| Any early ARM | 92 | 74 (80) | 69 | 49 (71) | 1.6 (0.7–3.5) | ||||
| reticular drusen | 25 | 24 (96) | 10 | 8 (80) | 8.5 (0.5–133.1) | ||||
| indistinct soft drusen | 63 | 50 (79) | 55 | 43 (78) | 1.0 (0.4–2.6) | ||||
| distinct soft drusen | 104 | 51 (49) | 80 | 36 (45) | 1.1 (0.6–2.0) | ||||
| pigmentary abnormality | 190 | 78 (41) | 184 | 62 (34) | 1.3 (0.8–1.9) | ||||
| hyperpigmentation | 186 | 77 (41) | 182 | 61 (34) | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) | ||||
| hypopigmentation | 141 | 44 (31) | 121 | 29 (24) | 1.4 (0.8–2.5) | ||||