Patient 1 | Patient 2 | Patient 3 | Patient 4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | F | M | F | F |
Age (years) | 73 | 71 | 69 | 69 |
Preoperative visual acuity | 6/18 | 6/18 | HM | CF |
Axial length (mm) | 25.52 | 33.43 | 22.00 | 23.25 |
Peribulbar anaesthetic details: | ||||
Administered by | Anaesthetist | Anaesthetist | Ophthalmologist | Anaesthetist |
Number of injections | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 |
Needle type | Sharp | Sharp | Sharp | Sharp |
Interval to diagnosis (days) | 1 | 2 | Immediate | Immediate |
Clinical indicator(s) of inadvertent injury: | ||||
Pain | N | N | N | Y |
Decreased visual acuity | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Hypotony | N | Y | N | N |
Vitreous haemorrhage | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Subretinal haemorrhage | Y | N | Y | Y |
Choroidal haemorrhage | Y | N | Y | Y |
Other | N | Retinal detachment | N | Retinal detachment, haemorrhagic chemosis |
Interval to repair (days) | 4 | 42 | 10 | 8 |
Operative findings: | ||||
Category | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
Vitreous haemorrhage | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Choroidal haemorrhage | Y | N | Y | Y |
Optic atrophy | N | Y | N | Y |
Retinal detachment | N | Y (macula off) | Y | Y (macula off) |
Other | Subretinal needle track, retinotomies ×2 | Retinal break inferotemporal to macula | Superonasal retinal tear | Scleral lacerations ×2 |
Surgical procedure | Drainage of choroidal haemorrhage, TPPV, SF6 | TPPV, argon endolaser to tear, silicone oil | Phaco and IOL, drainage of choroidal haemorrhage, TPPV, cryotherapy to tear, SF6 | Drainage of choroidal haemorrhage, repair of scleral lacerations, TPPV, silicone oil. Phaco and IOL at weeks |
Outcome: | ||||
Follow up (weeks) | 40 | 6 | 29 | 15 |
Visual acuity | 6/9 | HM | 6/36 | HM |
Retina attached? | Y | Y (optic atrophy) | Y (epiretinal membrane) | N |
TPPV = trans pars plana vitrectomy; SF6 = sulphur hexafluoride gas; Phaco and IOL = phacoemulsification cataract extraction with insertion of intraocular lens.