Table 5

Tuition lessons in primary school, educational stream, close up work activity and age of onset of myopia (Singapore national servicemen 1998–9)

Age of onset of myopiaTwo sided p value
Median, mean (SD)
Father's highest educational level
 Primary/secondary10.0, 10.2 (2.9)0.003
 Pre-university/tertiary9.0, 9.2 (2.7)
Mother's highest educational level
 Primary/secondary10.0, 10.1 (2.9)0.004
 Pre-university/tertiary8.5, 8.8 (2.9)
Number of parents with myopia
 None10.0, 10.9 (2.9)<0.001
 One10.0, 9.8 (2.8)
 Two9.0, 8.9 (2.8)
 Unknown9.0, 9.1 (2.6)
Past activity
Total close up work activity at 7 years
 = 2 hours per day10.0, 10.3 (2.8)0.012
 > 2 hours per day 9.0, 9.5 (2.9)
Tuition lessons in primary school
 Yes10.0, 10.l (2.7)0.13
 No9.5, 9.8 (2.9)
Educational stream
 Normal9.0, 9.7 (2.7)0.019
 Gifted/special/express10.0, 10.5 (3.3)
Completed educational level
 Primary/secondary10.0, 10.3 (3.3)0.39
 Pre-university/tertiary10.0, 9.8 (2.8)
Current activity
Total close up work activity
  = 9 hours per day10.0, 9.9 (2.8)0.71
  > 9 hours per day10.0, 9.9 (2.9)