Indications for penetrating keratoplasty
| Indication | Torque | Antitorque | No torque |
| Corneal scar | 11 | 10 | 11 |
| Pseudophakic bullous keratopathy | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| Failed graft | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Aphakic bullous keratopathy | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Macular corneal dystrophy | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Bullous keratopathy after trauma | 1 | 0 | 0 |
χ2 = 5.29, df=12, p value = 0.95.