Caffery3 1994 | CANDEES* | Canada | 13 517 | All ages | 28.7 | Questionnaire |
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Bandeen-Roche9 1997 | SEE Study** | Maryland, USA | 2520 | 65–84 | 15 | Six item questionnaire (one or more of six dry eye symptoms often or all the time) |
| | | | | 20 | Six item questionnaire (three or more of six dry eye symptoms sometimes, often or all the time) |
| | | | | | |
Schein6 1997 | SEE Study** | Maryland, USA | 2420 | 65–84 | 14.6 | Six item questionnaire (one or more of six dry eye symptoms often or all the time) |
| | | | | 2.2 | Plus Schirmer’s test |
| | | | | 2.0 | Plus rose bengal |
| | | | | | |
McCarty7 1997 | MVIP† | Melbourne, Australia | 926 | 40–97 | 10.8 | Rose bengal |
| | | | | 16.3 | Schirmer’s test |
| | | | | 8.6 | Tear break up time |
| | | | | 1.5 | Fluorescein staining |
| | | | | 7.4 | Two or more signs |
| | | | | 5.5 | Severe symptoms not attributed to hay fever |
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Shimmura4 1999 | | Tokyo, Japan | 598 | Mean age = 35.2 | 33 | Self administered questionnaire |
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Moss5 2000 | BDES‡ | Wisconsin, USA | 3722 | 48–91 | 14.4 | Questionnaire |
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Riau Eye Study 2001 | | Riau, Indonesia | 1058 | 21+ | 27.5 | Six item questionnaire (one or more of six dry eye symptoms often or all the time) |