Age and sex adjusted associations between ocular variables and undercorrected refractive error; 2 or more line improvement in participants with presenting visual acuity (VA) <6/9)
| Variable | Number with presenting VA <6/9 | ≥2 line improvement (%) | OR (95% CI) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Self rated deterioration in vision. | ||||
| †Adjusted also for longer duration since last eye examination. | ||||
| Hyperopia | 200 | 53.9 | 1.45 (1.15 to 1.83) | 0.002 |
| Myopia | 47 | 12.7 | 1.06 (0.77 to 1.48) | 0.71 |
| Corrected visual acuity | ||||
| 54–70 letters | 250 | 67.3 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| 41–53 | 103 | 27.8 | 1.33 (1.01 to 1.74) | 0.04 |
| <41 | 18 | 1.3 | 0.70 (0.40 to 1.22) | 0.21 |
| Time since last eye examination | ||||
| <3 years | 222 | 59.8 | 1.00 (reference) | |
| 3–<5 years | 57 | 15.4 | 1.50 (1.10 to 2.05) | 0.01 |
| ≥5 years | 79 | 21.2 | 2.10 (1.58 to 2.78) | 0.0001 |
| Visual symptoms* | 57 | 15.4 | 1.07 (0.78 to 1.48) | 0.68 |
| Uses distance glasses† | 167 | 45.0 | 0.25 (0.20 to 0.32) | 0.0001 |
| Nuclear cataract† | 49 | 13.2 | 1.11 (0.75 to 1.63) | 0.61 |
| Cortical cataract† | 76 | 20.5 | 0.98 (0.72 to 1.32) | 0.88 |
| Posterior subcapsular cataract† | 18 | 4.9 | 1.33 (0.77 to 2.30) | 0.30 |
| Previous cataract surgery | 19 | 5.1 | 0.81 (0.49 to 1.35) | 0.42 |
| Open angle glaucoma† | 12 | 3.2 | 1.08 (0.56 to 2.06) | 0.83 |
| Age related macular degeneration | 10 | 2.7 | 0.79 (0.39 to 1.60) | 0.52 |