Linear regression models of ocular biometry and refraction, by education, occupation, income, and housing type
| Linear regression coefficients of ocular biometry and refraction | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude data | p Value | Age and sex adjusted | p Value | Multivariate adjustedt† | p Value | |
| Data are linear regression coefficients (95% confidence intervals) of ocular biometric components or refraction, with education occupation, income, and housing type as independent variables. There were 29 people with missing data on occupation (unclassifiable occupation), 104 with missing data on income (including 95 who had retired) and 5 with missing data on housing type. | ||||||
| LOCS III: Lens Opacity Classification System III score (from 1 to 6). | ||||||
| *Refer to Table 1 for definitions of occupation, income, and housing type categories. | ||||||
| †All multivariate models include the following independent variables: age, sex, education, occupation, income, and housing. Linear regression coefficients for a particular variable (eg, education) are adjusted for other independent variables (ie, age, sex, occupation, income, and housing). For example, a 10 year difference in education is associated with a 0.60 mm (95% CI: 0.34 to 0.85) difference in axial length, adjusted for age, sex, occupation, income, and housing. | ||||||
| Education, per 10 years | ||||||
| Axial length (mm) | 1.03 (0.85 to 1.22) | <0.001 | 0.85 (0.63 to 1.06) | <0.001 | 0.60 (0.34 to 0.85) | <0.001 |
| Anterior chamber depth (mm) | 0.35 (0.28 to 0.42) | <0.001 | 0.12 (0.05 to 0.20) | <0.001 | 0.07 (−0.02 to 0.16) | 0.13 |
| Lens thickness (mm) | −0.31 (−0.39 to −0.24) | <0.001 | −0.02 (−0.01 to 0.01) | 0.55 | 0.00 (−0.01 to 0.01) | 0.99 |
| Vitreous chamber depth (mm) | 0.99 (0.82 to 1.16) | <0.001 | 0.75 (0.55 to 0.94) | <0.001 | 0.53 (0.30 to 0.77) | <0.001 |
| Nuclear opacity, LOCS III | −0.78 (−0.91 to −0.65) | <0.001 | −0.09 (−0.21 to 0.02) | 0.12 | −0.08 (−0.22 to 0.06) | 0.25 |
| Corneal curvature radius (mm) | 0.06 (0.02 to 0.11) | 0.005 | 0.03 (−0.02 to 0.08) | 0.26 | 0.01 (−0.05 to 0.07) | 0.81 |
| Refraction (dioptres) | −2.06 (−2.47 to −1.64) | <0.001 | −1.89 (−2.37 to −1.41) | <0.001 | −1.50 (−2.08 to −0.92) | <0.001 |
| Occupation, near work v others* | ||||||
| Axial length (mm) | 0.84 (0.64 to 1.04) | <0.001 | 0.66 (0.47 to 0.86) | <0.001 | 0.28 (0.04 to 0.52) | 0.02 |
| Anterior chamber depth (mm) | 0.22 (0.14 to 0.29) | <0.001 | 0.09 (0.02 to 0.16) | 0.009 | 0.03 (−0.06 to 0.11) | 0.54 |
| Lens thickness (mm) | −0.17 (−0.25 to −0.09) | <0.001 | −0.02 (−0.09 to 0.05) | 0.54 | −0.01 (−0.09 to 0.08) | 0.91 |
| Vitreous chamber depth (mm) | 0.78 (0.59 to 0.96) | <0.001 | 0.58 (0.40 to 0.77) | <0.001 | 0.25 (0.03 to 0.47) | 0.03 |
| Nuclear opacity, LOCS III | −0.40 (−0.55 to −0.26) | <0.001 | −0.05 (−0.16 to 0.05) | 0.32 | −0.02 (−0.15 to 0.11) | 0.74 |
| Corneal curvature radius (mm) | 0.02 (0.02 to 0.09) | 0.04 | 0.03 (−0.02 to 0.07) | 0.28 | 0.00 (−0.05 to 0.06) | 0.96 |
| Refraction (dioptres) | −1.71 (−2.15 to −1.27) | <0.001 | −1.48 (−1.93 to −1.03) | <0.001 | −0.71 (−1.24 to −0.17) | 0.01 |
| Income, per category* | ||||||
| Axial length (mm) | 0.45 (0.36 to 0.54) | <0.001 | 0.33 (0.22 to 0.43) | <0.001 | 0.15 (0.03 to 0.27) | 0.02 |
| Anterior chamber depth (mm) | 0.22 (0.14 to 0.29) | <0.001 | −0.02 (−0.05 to 0.02) | 0.003 | 0.03 (−0.02 to 0.07) | 0.21 |
| Lens thickness (mm) | −0.15 (−0.18 to −0.11) | <0.001 | 0.28 (0.19 to 0.38) | 0.37 | −0.01 (−0.06 to 0.03) | 0.62 |
| Vitreous chamber depth (mm) | 0.43 (0.34 to 0.51) | <0.001 | −0.01 (−0.07 to 0.04) | <0.001 | 0.12 (0.01 to 0.24) | 0.03 |
| Nuclear opacity, LOCS III | −0.33 (−0.39 to −0.27) | <0.001 | −0.02 (−0.06 to 0.20) | 0.60 | 0.01 (−0.06 to 0.07) | 0.75 |
| Corneal curvature radius (mm) | 0.04 (0.02 to 0.06) | <0.001 | 0.02 (0.00 to 0.05) | 0.05 | 0.02 (−0.01 to 0.05) | 0.13 |
| Refraction (dioptres) | −0.78 (−0.99 to −0.58) | <0.001 | −0.65 (−0.89 to −0.41) | <0.001 | −0.25 (−0.52 to 0.03) | 0.07 |
| Housing type, per category* | ||||||
| Axial length (mm) | 0.18 (0.06 to 0.30) | 0.004 | 0.16 (0.05 to 0.28) | 0.006 | −0.04 (−0.16 to 0.09) | 0.56 |
| Anterior chamber depth (mm) | 0.07 (0.02 to 0.11) | 0.002 | 0.05 (0.01 to 0.09) | 0.02 | 0.02 (−0.02 to 0.07) | 0.29 |
| Lens thickness (mm) | −0.05 (−0.10 to −0.01) | 0.03 | −0.02 (−0.06 to 0.20) | 0.32 | −0.02 (−0.06 to 0.03) | 0.47 |
| Vitreous chamber depth (mm) | 0.16 (0.05 to 0.27) | 0.006 | 0.14 (0.03 to 0.24) | 0.01 | −0.04 (−0.16 to 0.07) | 0.47 |
| Nuclear opacity, LOCS III | −0.11 (−0.20 to −0.02) | 0.01 | −0.03 (−0.09 to 0.03) | 0.39 | −0.01 (−0.08 to 0.06) | 0.72 |
| Corneal curvature radius (mm) | 0.01 (−0.02 to 0.03) | 0.68 | 0.01 (−0.02 to 0.04) | 0.44 | 0.00 (−0.03 to 0.03) | 0.91 |
| Refraction (dioptres) | −0.27 (−0.54 to 0.01) | 0.05 | −0.18 (−0.45 to 0.08) | 0.17 | 0.28 (0.01 to 0.56) | 0.05 |