Table 1

Methods of defining treatment outcome. (Proposed optimum expressions of outcome appear in lower shaded portion of the table)

Definition of treatment outcomeDisadvantageAdvantage
  • Attainment of a certain standard (eg, 6/6 to 6/12)

  • Does not account for initial severity of amblyopia—ie, how much improvement has occurred

  • Fellow eye acuity not considered

  • A visual acuity of notional equivalence to a legal or occupational standard—eg, driving a motor vehicle

  • An in improvement considered to be of clinical significance in visual acuity of the amblyopic eye (often 2 or 3 lines measured with Snellen charts or 0.2 log units as measured on a log based test

  • Does not account for initial severity of amblyopia

  • Initial acuity dictates whether this achievement would benefit the child

  • Fellow eye acuity not considered

  • Assumes understanding of the acuity/function relation

  • Snellen chart has non-linear scale increments, therefore “n” lines improvement differs in actual acuity change dependent on the acuity level and chart used

  • Simple indicator of clinical significant improvements

  • Equal visual acuity of amblyopic and fellow eye

  • Does not account for initial severity of amblyopia

  • Accounts for individual variations in visual acuity of fellow eye and visual development during treatment

  • Acknowledges that normal binocular vision is optimised by identical inputs from each eye

  • Difference between amblyopic and fellow eye acknowledges extent of residual amblyopia

  • Proportional improvement (ie, log unit change in visual acuity/difference between amblyopic eye at start and fellow eye at end of treatment)

  • Need to define level of proportional improvement that constitutes good outcome

  • Accuracy compromised when occlusion amblyopia occurs

  • Accounts for initial severity of amblyopia

  • Accounts for visual acuity of fellow eye

  • Accounts for development of both eyes during treatment