Retinal microvascular characteristics, by concurrent systolic blood pressure (1997–8, at the time of retinal photography), non-diabetic people
| Focal arteriolar narrowing | Arteriovenous nicking | Retinopathy | Generalised arteriolar narrowing | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (%) | OR (95% CI) | No (%) | OR (95% CI) | No (%) | OR (95% CI) | No (%) | OR (95% CI) | |
| No (%) represents number of participants (proportion with retinal lesions) by BP quintile. In multivariate models, numbers are reduced due to missing covariate data. Generalised arteriolar narrowing defined as the lowest quintile of the arteriolar equivalent distribution in the population. | ||||||||
| *Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of retinal microvascular lesion, comparing a specific BP quintile versus the 1st, adjusted for age, sex, and race. | ||||||||
| †Additional adjustment for presence of coronary heart disease, stroke, subclinical cardiovascular disease, fasting glucose, smoking, and antihypertensive medication use. | ||||||||
| ‡p Value represents test of increasing trend over BP quintiles. | ||||||||
| Age, sex, and race adjusted* | ||||||||
| 1st quintile | 388 (5.7) | 1.0 | 393 (4.6) | 1.0 | 357 (5.0) | 1.0 | 356 (14.0) | 1.0 |
| 2nd quintile | 372 (4.0) | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.3) | 385 (4.9) | 1.1 (0.6 to 2.1) | 353 (6.2) | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.3) | 354 (18.9) | 1.5 (1.0 to 2.2) |
| 3rd quintile | 338 (5.9) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.8) | 344 (10.5) | 2.4 (1.3 to 4.3) | 318 (5.3) | 1.0 (0.5 to 2.0) | 315 (19.7) | 1.5 (1.0 to 2.2) |
| 4th quintile | 361 (14.1) | 2.6 (1.5 to 4.3) | 375 (6.1) | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.5) | 357 (10.9) | 2.2 (1.2 to 3.9) | 341 (22.6) | 1.7 (1.2 to 2.6) |
| 5th quintile | 320 (19.4) | 3.7 (2.2 to 6.2) | 332 (13.3) | 3.0 (1.7 to 5.4) | 322 (14.0) | 2.8 (1.6 to 5.0) | 314 (23.6) | 1.9 (1.3 to 2.9) |
| p<0.001‡ | p<0.001‡ | p<0.001‡ | p=0.001‡ | |||||
| Multivariable adjusted† | ||||||||
| 1st quintile | 368 (6.0) | 1.0 | 374 (4.8) | 1.0 | 341 (4.7) | 1.0 | 338 (14.2) | 1.0 |
| 2nd quintile | 356 (4.2) | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.3) | 368 (4.6) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.9) | 340 (6.2) | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.5) | 340 (18.5) | 1.4 (0.9 to 2.1) |
| 3rd quintile | 323 (6.2) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.9) | 329 (10.0) | 2.2 (1.2 to 4.0) | 305 (5.6) | 1.1 (0.5 to 2.3) | 301 (20.6) | 1.5 (1.0 to 2.3) |
| 4th quintile | 344 (14.0) | 2.5 (1.5 to 4.3) | 357 (5.9) | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.4) | 340 (11.2) | 2.3 (1.3 to 4.3) | 322 (22.7) | 1.7 (1.2 to 2.6) |
| 5th quintile | 303 (19.8) | 4.0 (2.4 to 6.9) | 314 (13.1) | 2.9 (1.6 to 5.3) | 308 (14.0) | 2.8 (1.5 to 5.2) | 296 (24.7) | 2.1 (1.4 to 3.1) |
| p<0.001‡ | p<0.001‡ | p<0.001‡ | p<0.001‡ | |||||