Table 2

Utilities for all myopes by various sociodemographic factors

		Utility (time trade-off)		Utility (gamble-blindness)
	No	Mean (95% CI) [median]	p Value	Mean (95% CI) [median]	p Value
*1 US$ = 1.8 Sin$.
All	699	0.93 (0.93 to 0.94) [0.97]		0.85 (0.84 to 0.86) [0.95]
Severity of myopia
Low myopes	274	0.94 (0.93 to 0.95) [0.97]	0.44	0.85 (0.83 to 0.87) [0.95]	0.41
Moderate myopes	372	0.93 (0.92 to 0.94) [0.97]		0.85 (0.83 to 0.87) [0.95]
High myopes	53	0.94 (0.93 to 0.96) [0.96]		0.89 (0.84 to 0.93) [0.99]
Right eye presenting logMAR visual acuity
≤0.3	479	0.94 (0.93 to 0.95) [0.97]	0.03	0.86 (0.84 to 0.88) [0.95]	0.10
>0.3	220	0.92 (0.90 to 0.94) [0.97]		0.83 (0.81 to 0.86) [0.90]
Wore corrective devices
No	172	0.92 (0.90 to 0.94) [0.97]	0.027	0.83 (0.80 to 0.86) [0.95]	0.20
Yes	527	0.94 (0.93 to 0.95) [0.97]		0.86 (0.94 to 0.87) [0.95]
Sex
Male	373	0.93 (0.92 to 0.95) [0.97]	0.90	0.84 (0.82 to 0.86) [0.90]	0.03
Female	326	0.94 (0.92 to 0.95) [0.97]		0.87 (0.85 to 0.89) [0.95]
Race
Chinese	465	0.94 (0.94 to 0.95) [0.98]	0.03	0.85 (0.84 to 0.87) [0.95]	0.97
Malay	159	0.91 (0.88 to 0.93) [0.96]		0.84 (0.81 to 0.87) [0.90]
Indian and others	75	0.93 (0.91 to 0.95) [0.97]		0.86 (0.82 to 0.90) [0.95]
Religion
Muslim	180	0.91 (0.88 to 0.93) [0.96]	0.02	0.84 (0.81 to 0.87) [0.92]	0.56
Non-Muslim	519	0.95 (0.94 to 0.95) [0.97]		0.86 (0.84 to 0.87) [0.95]
Total family income (Sin$ per month)*
<$2000	126	0.92 (0.90 to 0.94) [0.96]	0.033	0.81 (0.80 to 0.96) [0.90]	0.014
$2000–3999	361	0.93 (0.92 to 0.94) [0.97]		0.85 (0.83 to 0.87) [0.94]
$4000–4999	111	0.95 (0.93 to 0.97) [0.98]		0.86 (0.82 to 0.89) [0.97]
≥$5000	101	0.95 (0.93 to 0.97) [0.98]		0.88 (0.84 to 0.91) [0.99]
Schooling stream
Express	348	0.95 (0.94 to 0.96) [0.98]	<0.001	0.88 (0.86 to 0.90) [0.99]	<0.001
Normal academic	243	0.92 (0.91 to 0.94) [0.97]		0.83 (0.80 to 0.85) [0.90]
Normal technical	108	0.91 (0.88 to 0.94) [0.95]		0.81 (0.77 to 0.84) [0.90]