Distribution of specific cataract types (nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular cataract), any cataract and cataract surgery in Chinese residents of Singapore, by sociodemographic and medical characteristics
| Number (%) of specific cataract, any cataract, and any cataract surgery | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No at risk* | Nuclear | Cortical | PSC | Any cataract | Cataract surgery | |
| *Numbers at risk based on total people at risk of any cataract or cataract surgery (n=1206), and vary slightly for different cataract types because of ungradeable lens and missing data. Numbers at risk for height and body mass index based on people seen at the study clinic, at risk of any cataract or cataract surgery (n=1077). | ||||||
| †Hypertension: Defined as history of hypertension or systolic blood pressure of =160 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure of =95 mm Hg. | ||||||
| PSC = posterior subcapsular cataract. | ||||||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 40–49 | 270 | 5 (1.9) | 12 (4.4) | 3 (1.1) | 19 (7.0) | – |
| 50–59 | 298 | 56 (19.0) | 75 (25.6) | 17 (5.8) | 111 (37.5) | 7 (2.3) |
| 60–69 | 338 | 178 (57.8) | 167 (53.9) | 43 (14.5) | 254 (80.4) | 43 (12.7) |
| 70–81 | 300 | 211 (84.7) | 177 (72.2) | 67 (30.3) | 237 (93.3) | 84 (28.0) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Men | 545 | 214 (42.5) | 194 (39.0) | 58 (12.1) | 294 (57.8) | 67 (12.3) |
| Women | 661 | 236 (38.1) | 237 (38.2) | 72 (11.9) | 327 (52.2) | 67 (10.1) |
| Education | ||||||
| None | 321 | 162 (56.6) | 159 (55.0) | 48 (17.5) | 210 (71.7) | 53 (16.5) |
| Primary | 488 | 202 (44.5) | 184 (41.0) | 64 (14.8) | 272 (59.3) | 59 (12.1) |
| Secondary | 305 | 68 (23.1) | 65 (22.3) | 12 (4.1) | 109 (36.8) | 16 (5.2) |
| Tertiary | 83 | 14 (17.5) | 20 (24.7) | 5 (6.3) | 26 (32.1) | 3 (3.6) |
| Occupation | ||||||
| Clerical or sales people | 268 | 99 (38.4) | 82 (32.4) | 31 (12.4) | 130 (50.2) | 21 (7.8) |
| Production or machine operators | 255 | 98 (42.2) | 96 (41.7) | 26 (11.7) | 138 (58.5) | 35 (13.7) |
| Labourers or agricultural workers | 176 | 71 (43.3) | 77 (46.1) | 16 (10.1) | 101 (60.1) | 20 (11.4) |
| Home makers | 284 | 128 (48.9) | 118 (44.9) | 40 (15.9) | 166 (62.4) | 35 (12.3) |
| Others | 72 | 21 (32.3) | 21 (32.8) | 8 (12.7) | 33 (50.8) | 11 (15.3) |
| Managers or professionals | 145 | 30 (22.1) | 34 (25.0) | 9 (6.7) | 49 (35.8) | 10 (6.9) |
| Housing type | ||||||
| 1–2 rooms government housing | 230 | 98 (47.3) | 81 (38.8) | 27 (13.6) | 125 (59.0) | 31 (13.5) |
| 3 rooms government housing | 647 | 243 (40.4) | 244 (40.9) | 81 (14.0) | 345 (56.7) | 76 (11.7) |
| 4–5 rooms and private housing | 318 | 102 (33.6) | 102 (33.7) | 19 (6.5) | 144 (47.2) | 25 (7.9) |
| Individual income, per month | ||||||
| <$1000 | 761 | 325 (46.5) | 308 (44.1) | 99 (14.7) | 438 (61.6) | 101 (13.3) |
| $1000–2000 | 192 | 39 (20.6) | 43 (23.0) | 7 (3.8) | 64 (33.9) | 7 (3.6) |
| $2000–3000 | 64 | 3 (4.7) | 5 (7.8) | 2 (3.1) | 10 (15.6) | – |
| >$3000 | 51 | 5 (10.0) | 6 (11.8) | 1 (2.0) | 9 (17.6) | – |
| Household income, per month | ||||||
| <$2000 | 847 | 371 (47.7) | 342(44.4) | 110 (14.8) | 493 (62.6) | 115 (13.6) |
| $2000–4000 | 225 | 52 (24.2) | 58 (26.9) | 16 (7.6) | 84 (38.7) | 14 (6.2) |
| >$4000 | 126 | 23 (18.7) | 28 (22.6) | 3 (2.4) | 40 (32.3) | 3 (2.4) |
| History of diabetes | ||||||
| Yes, oral medications and insulin | 27 | 14 (60.9) | 11 (50.0 | 3 (14.3) | 16 (69.6) | 6 (22.2) |
| Yes, diet control only | 79 | 39 (56.5) | 149 (71.0) | 17 (27.4) | 56 (80.0) | 20 (25.3) |
| No | 1066 | 377 (37.6) | 352 (35.2) | 103 (10.6) | 525 (51.7) | 99 (9.3) |
| History of “heart attack” | ||||||
| No | 1127 | 410 (38.8) | 399 (37.9) | 121 (11.9) | 573 (53.6) | 116 (10.3) |
| Yes | 75 | 39 (61.9) | 30 (49.2) | 9 (15.3) | 46 (73.0) | 16 (21.3) |
| History of stroke | ||||||
| Yes | 39 | 22 (64.7) | 22 (64.7) | 4 (11.8) | 27 (79.4) | 7 (17.9) |
| No | 1163 | 427 (39.4) | 407 (37.7) | 126 (12.0) | 592 (53.9) | 125 (10.7) |
| Hypertension† | ||||||
| Yes | 560 | 248 (48.2) | 238 (46.6) | 73 (14.9) | 337 (64.7) | 74 (13.2) |
| No | 644 | 202 (33.3) | 193 (31.8) | 57 (9.7) | 284 (46.3) | 59 (9.2) |
| Current smoking | ||||||
| Yes, > 10 cigarettes per day | 163 | 69 (44.2) | 62 (39.7) | 18 (12.0) | 90 (57.3) | 11 (6.7) |
| Yes, ⩽ 10 cigarettes per day | 51 | 25 (59.5) | 20 (48.8) | 5 (12.5) | 31 (72.1) | 13 (25.5) |
| No | 992 | 356 (38.5) | 349 (37.9) | 107 (12.0) | 500 (53.4) | 110 (11.1) |
| Height (metres) | ||||||
| 1st quintile (1.32–1.51) | 221 | 106 (52.7) | 93 (46.7) | 32 (16.5) | 134 (65.7) | 28 (12.7) |
| 2nd quintile (1.52–1.56) | 210 | 78 (39.4) | 79 (39.9) | 21 (10.9) | 106 (52.7) | 21 (10.0) |
| 3rd quintile (1.57–1.60) | 217 | 69 (33.7) | 74 (36.3) | 26 (13.1) | 100 (48.3) | 18 (8.3) |
| 4th quintile (1.61–1.66) | 212 | 79 (39.7) | 67 (34.0) | 18 (9.5) | 110 (54.7) | 24 (11.3) |
| 5th quintile (1.67–1.83) | 217 | 61 (29.2) | 62 (29.8) | 22 (10.7) | 97 (46.0) | 12 (5.5) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||||
| 1st quintile (13.6–20.4) | 221 | 87 (44.4) | 82 (42.1) | 20 (10.8) | 116 (58.3) | 28 (13.0) |
| 2nd quintile (20.5–22.5) | 210 | 78 (39.6) | 71 (36.4) | 22 (11.6) | 105 (52.5) | 26 (12.1) |
| 3rd quintile (20.6–24.3) | 216 | 88 (43.3) | 84 (41.8) | 32 (16.2) | 118 (57.6) | 22 (10.2) |
| 4th quintile (24.4–26.6) | 212 | 64 (30.6) | 70 (34.0) | 21 (10.2) | 102 (48.6) | 13 (6.0) |
| 5th quintile (26.4–41.5) | 217 | 76 (36.9) | 68 (32.7) | 24 (11.9) | 106 (50.7) | 14 (6.5) |