Characteristics of subjects and controls
| Control (n = 9091) | TBA-U (n = 2321) | TBA-S (n = 324) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TBA-U = unselective topical β antagonist treated subjects; TBA-S = selective topical β antagonist treated subjects. | ||||
| p Values calculated using χ2 test or Mann-Whitney test. *p<0.01 (p values are in comparison with the unexposed cohort); **p<0.001. | ||||
| †NSAID = non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. | ||||
| Mean age (years) (SD) | 67.54 (11.5) | 68.54 (11.88) | 68.73 (12.48) | |
| Patient sex | F | 4671 (51.4%) | 1204 (51.9%) | 156 (48.1%) |
| M | 4423 (48.6%) | 1117 (48.1%) | 168 (51.9%) | |
| Systemic β antagonists in previous 12 months | No | 8106 (89.1%) | 2140 (92.2%) | 298 (92.0%) |
| Yes | 988 (10.9%) | 181** (7.8%) | 26 (8.0%) | |
| NSAID in previous 12 months† | No | 7212 (79.3%) | 1836 (79.1%) | 249 (76.9%) |
| Yes | 1882 (20.7%) | 485 (20.9%) | 75 (23.1%) | |
| Nitrates prescribed | No | 8786 (96.6%) | 2249 (96.9%) | 315 (97.2%) |
| Yes | 308 (3.4%) | 72 (3.1%) | 9 (2.8%) | |
| Smoker | No | 7568 (83.2%) | 2006 (86.4%) | 271 (83.6%) |
| Yes | 1526 (16.8%) | 315** (13.6%) | 53 (16.4%) | |
| GP consultations in the year before index date | Mean | 8.0 | 10.2 | 11.5 |
| Median | 5.0 | 7.0** | 9.0** | |