Mean costs per patient by treatment group (€)
| Monofocal IOL (n = 75) | Multifocal IOL (n = 68) | Incremental costs | |
|---|---|---|---|
| *Mann-Whitney U test: U = −2.406, p = 0.016. | |||
| **Mann-Whitney U test: U = −2.838, p = 0.005. | |||
| ***Mann-Whitney U test: U = −2.670, p = 0.008. | |||
| †Standard deviation not applicable. | |||
| 95% CI, 95% confidence interval. | |||
| Direct hospital costs | |||
| Mono/multifocal IOL | 158.82† | 249.58† | 90.76 |
| Direct patient costs (mean, SD) | |||
| Reading glasses | 29.91 (78.45) | 32.17 (64.01) | 2.26 |
| Bifocal glasses | 67.47 (133.22) | 64.02 (147.07) | −3.45 |
| Multifocal glasses | 128.19 (230.79) | 46.40 (140.21) | −81.79* |
| Distance glasses | 16.11 (51.99) | 5.17 (24.61) | −10.94 |
| Non-refractive glasses | 0.00 (0.00) | 1.82 (5.76) | 1.82** |
| Subtotal direct patients costs (95% CI) | 241.67 (219.91) | 149.58 (185.01) | −92.09*** (−159.06 to −25.12) |
| Total costs per patient (95% CI) | 400.49 (219.91) | 399.16 (185.01) | −1.33 (−68.30 to 65.34) |