Distribution of IOP and percentage of ocular hypertension in different studies
| Study | Country, year | Setting | Age (years) | Measurement tool for IOP | M/F | Group | IOP (mean (SD)* | OH (%)* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M/F, number of men/women; OH, ocular hypertension (IOP >21 mm Hg); M, male; F, female; Nl, healthy people/eyes; T, total sample; NCT, non-contact tonometer; NR, not reported; US, United States; TES, Tehran Eye Study (the current study). | ||||||||
| *Figures were rounded to one decimal point. | ||||||||
| †Right eyes IOP reported. | ||||||||
| ‡IOP measurements on healthy eyes excluding glaucomatous eyes. | ||||||||
| §IOP >20 mm Hg. | ||||||||
| ††In healthy non-hypertensive eyes. | ||||||||
| ¶15.1 (2.9) mm Hg for normal men, women, or people ⩾40 years. | ||||||||
| **0.9 for men, women, or people ⩾40 years (and 1.8% IOP >20 mm Hg in men, women, or people ⩾40 years). | ||||||||
| Shiose11 | Japan, 1988–9 | Population based | ⩾40 | NCT† | 3031/5095 | M | 13.1 (3.0)‡ | 1.8§ |
| F | 13.4 (3.0)‡ | 1.3§ | ||||||
| Nl | 13.3 (3.0) | NR | ||||||
| T | 13.4 (3.1) | 1.4§ | ||||||
| Weih10,40 | Australia, 1992–6 | Population based, cross sectional | ⩾40 | Tono-Pen (+ Goldmann) | 2230/2514 | Nl | 14.5 (3.1)†† | 1.5 |
| T | 14.7 (3.5) | 2.8 | ||||||
| Egna-Neumarkt6 | Italy, NR | Cross sectional, epidemiological | >40 | Goldmann | 1882/2415 | M | 15.1 (2.8) | 2.7 |
| F | 14.9 (2.6) | 1.6 | ||||||
| Nl | NR | NR | ||||||
| T | NR | 2.1 | ||||||
| Lee12 | Korea, 1997–2000 | Healthy people examined at a health centre | 20–84 | NCT | 6684/6528 | M | 16.1 (3.2) | 6.1 |
| F | 15.1 (2.9) | 2.5 | ||||||
| Nl | 15.5 (3.1) | 4.3 | ||||||
| Blue Mountains4 | Australia, 1992–4 | Population based | 49–97 | Goldmann | M | NR | 3.8 | |
| F | NR | 3.6 | ||||||
| T | 16.1 (2.9)† | 3.7 | ||||||
| Baltimore5 | US, 1985–8 | Population based | ⩾40 | Goldmann | White | 17.2 (3.3) | NR | |
| Black | 16.0 (4.2) | NR | ||||||
| Rotterdam30 | Netherlands, 1991–3 | Population cohort | ⩾55 | Goldmann | 1226/1836 | T | 14.6 (NR) | 2.2 |
| Beaver Dam8 | US, NR | Population based | 43–84 | Goldmann | 2135/2721 | M | 15.3 (3.4) | 4.4 |
| F | 15.5 (3.3) | 4.7 | ||||||
| Nl | 15.3 (3.2) | NR | ||||||
| Barbados13 | Barbados, 1988–92 | Population based | 40–84 | M‡ | 17.6 (3.4) | NR | ||
| F‡ | 18.0 (3.6) | NR | ||||||
| Nl | 17.8 (3.5) | NR | ||||||
| Black | 18.1 (4.8) | 12.8 | ||||||
| Wallace15 | Jamaica, 1965 | Epidemiological study | 35–74 | Goldmann | 232/342 | M | 16.8 (2.8)†‡ | NR |
| F | 16.5 (2.9)†‡ | NR | ||||||
| T | NR | 7.4 | ||||||
| Rotchford26 | South.Africa, NR | Population based, cross sectional | >40 | Goldmann + Tono-Pen | 280/725 | Nl | 13.9 (3.4) | 3.5 |
| Framingham29 | US, 1973–5 | Population cohort | 52–85 | Goldmann | 1030/ | M | 17.0 (4.0) | NR |
| 1415 | F | 17.1 (4.1) | NR | |||||
| T | 17.0 (4.1) | NR | ||||||
| TES | Iran, 2002 | Population based, cross sectional | ⩾10 | Goldmann | 1566/ | M | 14.4 (2.7)†‡¶ | 0.4** |
| 2267 | F | 14.5 (2.5)†‡¶ | 0.4** | |||||
| Nl | 14.5 (2.6)†¶ | 0.4** | ||||||