Description of cases and controls: univariate associations and adjustment for consultation rate
| Cases (n = 18007) | Controls (n = 86169) | Univariate odds ratio (95% CI) | Odds ratio adjusted for consultation rate (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Matching variables so no odds ratios given. | ||||||
| †Includes coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, and any other diagnosed atherosclerotic disease. | ||||||
| ‡Excluding statins or aspirin. | ||||||
| Number (%) female* | 11872 | (65.9%) | 56848 | (66.0%) | ||
| Age at index date (years)* | ||||||
| 50–59 | 718 | (4.0%) | 3472 | (4.0%) | ||
| 60–69 | 2379 | (13.2%) | 11482 | (13.3%) | ||
| 70–79 | 6862 | (38.1%) | 33125 | (38.4%) | ||
| 80–89 | 6897 | (38.3%) | 33088 | (38.4%) | ||
| 90+ | 1151 | (6.4%) | 5002 | (5.8%) | ||
| Annual consultation rate (median (IQR)) | 6.3 | (3.7–10.1) | 4.8 | (2.3–8.3) | ||
| Observation period in years (median (IQR)) | 4.0 | (2.1–6.5) | 3.9 | (2.1–6.4) | ||
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Non-smoker | 8763 | (48.7%) | 40507 | (47.0%) | Baseline | |
| Ex-smoker | 2766 | (15.4%) | 11468 | (13.3%) | 1.19 (1.13–1.26) | 1.14 (1.08–1.20) |
| Current smoker | 3161 | (17.6%) | 13358 | (15.5%) | 1.14 (1.09–1.21) | 1.17 (1.11–1.22) |
| Missing data | 3317 | (18.4%) | 20836 | (24.2%) | 0.67 (0.63–0.70) | 0.71 (0.68–0.75) |
| Drinking status | ||||||
| Non-drinker | 3316 | (18.4%) | 15211 | (17.7%) | Baseline | |
| Ex-drinker | 30 | (0.17%) | 167 | (0.19%) | 0.84 (0.57–1.25) | 0.75 (0.50–1.11) |
| Current drinker (amount unknown) | 210 | (1.2%) | 914 | (1.1%) | 1.08 (0.92–1.27) | 1.11 (0.94–1.30) |
| Rare drinker (<2 units per day) | 8342 | (46.3%) | 36564 | (42.4%) | 1.07 (1.02–1.12) | 1.09 (1.04–1.14) |
| Moderate drinker (2–6 units per day) | 824 | (4.6%) | 3520 | (4.1%) | 1.12 (1.02–1.22) | 1.14 (1.04–1.25) |
| Excessive drinker (>6 units per day) | 155 | (0.86%) | 656 | (0.76%) | 1.10 (0.91–1.32) | 1.08 (0.90–1.30) |
| Missing data | 5130 | (28.5%) | 29137 | (33.8%) | 0.73 (0.69–0.77) | 0.81 (0.77–0.86) |
| BMI (tertiles) | ||||||
| 1 (median 21.5; range 11–23) | 3927 | (21.8%) | 17015 | (19.7%) | Baseline | |
| 2 (median 25.1; range 23–27) | 3889 | (21.6% ) | 17054 | (19.8%) | 1.00 (0.95–1.05) | 1.00 (0.95–1.05) |
| 3 (median 29.4; range 27–76) | 3935 | (21.9%) | 17004 | (19.7%) | 1.00 (0.97–1.08) | 0.99 (0.94–1.04) |
| Missing data | 6256 | (34.7%) | 35096 | (40.7%) | 0.69 (0.66–0.72) | 0.76 (0.72–0.79) |
| Medical history | ||||||
| Coronary artery disease | 3790 | (21.0%) | 15337 | (17.8%) | 1.24 (1.19–1.29) | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1889 | (10.5%) | 9082 | (10.5%) | 0.99 (0.94–1.05) | 0.85 (0.80–0.89) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1028 | (5.7%) | 3817 | (4.4%) | 1.32 (1.23–1.42) | 1.09 (1.01–1.17) |
| Any atherosclerosis† | 5606 | (31.1%) | 24049 | (27.9%) | 1.18 (1.14–1.22) | 0.95 (0.92–0.99) |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 554 | (3.1%) | 1963 | (2.3%) | 1.41 (1.27–1.55) | 1.17 (1.06–1.30) |
| Heart failure | 2188 | (12.2%) | 9804 | (11.4%) | 1.08 (1.02–1.13) | 0.87 (0.82–0.91) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1319 | (7.3%) | 5376 | (6.2%) | 1.19 (1.12–1.27) | 1.01 (0.94–1.07) |
| Diabetes | 2479 | (13.8%) | 7776 | (9.0%) | 1.67 (1.58–1.75) | 1.36 (1.30–1.43) |
| Cataract | 5294 | (29.4%) | 10078 | (11.7%) | 3.50 (3.35–3.64) | 3.13 (3.00–3.26) |
| Hypertension | 6375 | (35.4%) | 27081 | (31.4%) | 1.22 (1.18–1.26) | 1.05 (1.01–1.09) |
| Prior exposure to: | ||||||
| Any cardiovascular drug‡ | 11209 | (62.2%) | 49459 | (57.4%) | 1.24 (1.20–1.28) | 0.91 (0.88–0.94) |
| Aspirin | 4277 | (23.8%) | 17729 | (20.6%) | 1.22 (1.17–1.27) | 1.0 (0.96–1.04) |
| Hormone replacement therapy | 570 | (3.2%) | 2403 | (2.8%) | 1.21 (1.09–1.35) | 0.97 (0.87–1.08) |
| Fibrates | 181 | (1.0%) | 553 | (0.6%) | 1.59 (1.34–1.89) | 1.30 (1.09–1.55) |