Baseline | Follow-up | Test eye compared to baseline (p) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | Test | Significance | Control | Test | Significance | ||
OSDI | 43.0±14.4 | 43.9±13.4 | 0.36 | 39.8±12.7 | 20.7±8.7 | <0.001* | <0.001* |
Meibomian gland quality | 2.40±1.09 | 2.35±0.99 | 0.76 | 2.05±1.23 | 1.3±0.92 | <0.05* | <0.001* |
Meibomian gland expressibilty | 2.00±1.08 | 2.15±0.89 | 0.26 | 1.70±1.03 | 1.35±0.82 | <0.05* | <0.001* |
Meibomian gland drop-out | 2.80±1.24 | 2.90±1.25 | 0.41 | 2.65±1.04 | 2.05±1.15 | <0.05* | <0.05* |
Osmolarity (mOsm/L) | 310.3±10.6 | 310.9±9.5 | 0.43 | 308.9±11.6 | 305.0±9.1 | <0.05* | <0.001* |
Lipid layer thickness | 2.10±0.72 | 2.05±0.89 | 0.66 | 2.2±0.62 | 3.1±0.91 | <0.05* | <0.001* |
Tear film stability (s) | 9.29±3.64 | 9.48±3.74 | 0.12 | 9.32±3.56 | 11.37±3.45 | <0.001* | <0.001* |
Tear film meniscus height (mm) | 0.34±0.06 | 0.34±0.07 | 0.69 | 0.34±0.06 | 0.36±0.06 | <0.001* | <0.05* |
Visual acuity (LogMAR) | −0.04±0.03 | −0.04±0.03 | 0.79 | −0.05±0.03 | −0.05±0.03 | 0.42 | 0.06 |
Corneal topography (e) | 0.37±0.15 | 0.37±0.16 | 0.89 | 0.37±0.15 | 0.37±0.17 | 0.91 | 0.65 |
Conjunctival hyperaemia vessel coverage | 1.86±1.52 | 1.61±1.19 | 0.28 | 1.44±1.06 | 0.94±0.65 | <0.05* | <0.05* |
Conjunctival hyperaemia coloration | 38.81±1.62 | 38.53±1.66 | 0.23 | 38.49±1.42 | 38.00±1.41 | <0.05* | <0.05* |
Ocular surface staining | 3.2±2.06 | 3.75±1.71 | 0.07 | 2.95±1.39 | 1.85±0.99 | <0.05* | <0.001* |
Asterisks (*) represent statistical significance. Note: conjunctival vessel coverage and colouration an average of superior, inferior, nasal and temporal quadrants as the effect was similar across ocular surface regions.