Abstract
The activity of cytochrome oxidase, outer nuclear layer thickness, and edema were quantitatively evaluated in the blue-light exposed rat retina. Dark-adapted or cyclic-light reared rats were exposed to blue light with a retinal dose of 380 kJ/m2. Immediately, 1, 2, and 3 day(s) after exposure, the retinas of six rats from each adaptation group were examined. There was no difference between the dark-adapted and cyclic-light reared rats. Immediately after light exposure, cytochrome oxidase activity decreased. The activity in the inner segments remained low at day 1, while severe edema was observed in the inner and outer segments. The outer nuclear layer thickness decreased 1–3 days after exposure. The blue-light exposure inhibited cytochrome oxidase activity and caused retinal injury. Similarity of the injury process in the dark-adapted and cyclic-light reared retinas suggests that rhodopsin was not involved. The inhibition of cytochrome oxidase could be a cause of retinal damage.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bell JE, Hall C (1981) Hemoproteins. In: Bell JE (ed) Spectroscopy in biochemistry. CRC, Boca Raton, pp 42–46
Bennett CA, Franklin NL (1963) Analysis involving both types of classifications. In: Statistical analysis in chemistry and the chemical industry. Wiley, New York, pp 410–417
Boettner EA, Wolter JR (1962) Transmission of the ocular media. Invest Ophthalmol 1:776–783
Chen E, Söderberg PG, Lindström B (1989) Activity distribution of cytochrome oxidase in the rat retina — a quantitative histochemical study. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 67:645–651
Chen E, Chung JH, Sóderberg PG, Lindström B (1991) Microradiographical determination of the dry mass density in the rat retina. Ophthalmic Res 23:33–39
Chen E, Sóderberg PG, Lindström B (1991) Lipid and protein density in the rat retina — a microradiographical study. Ophthalmic Res 23:220–224
Chen E, Sóderberg PG, Lindström B (1992) Cytochrome oxidase activity in rat retina after exposure to 404 nm blue light. Curr Eye Res 11: 825–831
Clarke AM, Geeraets WJ, Ham WT (1969) An equilibrium thermal model for retinal injury from optical sources. Appl Opt 8:1051–1054
Gorgels TGM, Van Norren D (1992) Spectral transmittance of the rat lens. Vision Res 32:1509–1512
Ham WT Jr, Mueller HA, Sliney DH (1976) Retinal sensitivity to damage from short wavelength light. Nature 260:153–155
Ham WT Jr, Mueller HA, Ruffolo JJ Jr, Clarke AM (1979) Sensitivity of the retina to radiation damage as a function of wavelength. Photochem Photobiol 29:735–743
Hansson HA (1970) A histochemical study of oxidative enzymes in rat retina damaged by visible light. Exp Eye Res 9:285–296
Hansson HA (1971) A histochemical study of cellular reactions in rat retina transiently damaged by visible light. Exp Eye Res 12:270–274
Friedman E, Kuwabara T (1968) The retinal pigment epithelium. IV. The damaging effects of radiant energy. Arch Ophthalmol 80:265–279
Gorn RA, Kuwabara T (1967) Retinal damage by visible light — a physiologic study. Arch Ophthalmol 77:115–118
Lawwill T (1982) Three major pathologic processes caused by light in the primate retina: a search for mechanisms. Trans Am Ophthalmol See 80:517–579
Lindström B (1955) Roentgen absorption spectrophotometry in quantitative cytochemistry. Acta Radiologica [Suppl] 125:61–121
Macknight ADC (1984) Cellular response to injury. In: Staub NC, Taylor AE (eds) Edema. Raven, New York, pp 489–520
Ninnemann H, Butler WL, Epel BL (1970) Inhibition of respiration in yeast by light. Biochim Biophys Acta 205:499–506
Ninnemann H, Butler WL, Epel BL (1970) Inhibition of respiration and destruction of cytochrome a3 by light in mitochondria and cytochrome oxidase from beef heart. Biochim Biophys Acta 205:507–512
Noell WK (1979) Effects of environmental lighting and dietary vitamin A on the vulnerability of the retina to light damage. Photochem Photobiol 29:717–723
Noell WK, Walker VS, Kang BS, Berman S (1966) Retinal damage by light in rats. Invest Ophthalmol 5:450–473
Organisciak DT, Jiang YL, Wang HM, Pickford M, Blanks JC (1989) Retinal light damage in rats exposed to intermittent light — comparison with continuous light exposure. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 30:795–805
Pautler EL, Morita M, Beezley D (1989) Reversible and irreversible blue light damage to the isolated, mammalian pigment epithelium. In: LaVail MM, Hollyfield JG, Anderson RE (eds) Inherited and environmentally induced retinal degenerations. Liss, New York, pp 555–567
Pautler EL, Morita M, Beezley D (1990) Hemoprotein(s) mediate blue light damage in the retinal pigment epithelium. Photochem Photobiol 51:599–605
Penn JS, Anderson RE (1991) Effects of light history on the rat retina. In: Osborne NN, Chader GJ (eds) Progress in retinal research. Pergamon, Oxford, pp 75–98
Rapp LM, Tolman BL, Dhindsa HS (1990) Separate mechanisms for retinal damage by ultraviolet-A and mid-visible light. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 31:1186–1190
Stefansson F, Wolbarsht ML, Landers MB III (1983) In vivo O2 consumption in rhesus monkeys in light and dark. Exp Eye Res 37:251–256
Söderberg PG (1990) Experimental cataract induced by ultraviolet radiation. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) [Suppl] 196:23–46
Tso MOM (1973) Photic maculopathy in rhesus monkey: a light and electron microscopic study. Invest Ophthalmol 12:17–34
Thompson DA, Suarez-Villafane M, Ferguson-Miller S (1982) The active form of cytochrome c oxidase — effects of detergent, the intact membrane, and radiation inactivation. Biophys J 37:285–292
Van Norren D, Schellekens P (1990) Blue light hazard in rat. Vision Res 30:1517–1520
Wald G, Brown PK (1958) Human rhodopsin. Science 127:222–226
Williams TP, Howell WL (1983) Action spectrum of retinal light-damage in albino rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 24:285–287
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, E. Inhibition of cytochrome oxidase and blue-light damage in rat retina. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 231, 416–423 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00919652
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00919652