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Displacement of the rectus muscle pulleys simulating superior oblique palsy

  • Clinical Investigation
  • Published:
Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

To investigate the structural basis of three cases of apparent superior oblique (SO) palsy caused by extraocular muscle (EOM) pulley heterotopy.

Methods

Three subjects were diagnosed as having decompensated idiopathic left SO palsy on the basis of misalignment in diagnostic gaze positions, response to the head tilt test, and results of the Hess screen test. Magnetic resonance imaging of the orbits in coronal planes was used to determine SO muscle size and contractility and to define the rectus EOM pulley locations. Orbit 1.8 computer simulation was performed for each subject by using measured rectus pulley locations. Simulated binocular alignment was compared with the measurements.

Results

The maximal SO cross sections of both eyes of each subject were similar, and exhibited similar contractile thickening from supraduction to infraduction. The superior rectus muscle pulleys in three eyes exhibited significant temporal displacement, while the lateral rectus muscle pulleys in five eyes and the medial rectus muscle pulleys in two eyes were displaced significantly inferiorly compared with published norms. Simulations based on observed pulley position abnormalities alone predicted measured Hess screen data better than did simulations incorporating SO weakness, either alone or combined with other structural abnormalities.

Conclusions

Heterotopy of the rectus EOM pulleys may be associated with cyclovertical strabismus that simulates SO palsy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan

    Reika Kono, Hirotaka Okanobu & Hiroshi Ohtsuki

  2. Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurology, Jules Stein Eye Institute, and the Bioengineering and Neuroscience Interdepartmental Programs, University of California, Los Angeles, USA

    Joseph L. Demer

Authors
  1. Reika Kono
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  2. Hirotaka Okanobu
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  3. Hiroshi Ohtsuki
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  4. Joseph L. Demer
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Reika Kono.

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Kono, R., Okanobu, H., Ohtsuki, H. et al. Displacement of the rectus muscle pulleys simulating superior oblique palsy. Jpn J Ophthalmol 52, 36–43 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10384-007-0492-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10384-007-0492-8

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