Therapeutic reviewCorneal cytotoxicity of topically applied drugs, vehicles and preservatives☆
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New developments in the management of persistent corneal epithelial defects
2023, Survey of OphthalmologypH measurement and phosphate determination in pharmaceutical eye drops for eye diseases by digital image analysis
2021, Microchemical JournalCitation Excerpt :These drugs comprise pharmacologically active substance, preservatives and excipients in their composition for disease treatment and they are considered as non-invasive treatments that can be easily applied to patients. Side effects caused by active principles, excipients and preservatives are studied systematically [1,2] and according to Directive 2001/83/EC [3], all excipients in ocular pharmaceutical products must appear on the labeling (effective from November 2019). Excipients assure the pharmacological effect of the active substance, but also provide adequate characteristics to the solution regarding texture, viscosity, color stability or pH. In the case of eye drops, excipients have to imitate the natural pH in tears.
Drugs Used in Ophthalmology
2020, Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects, Eigtht EditionDetermination of phosphate concentration in glaucoma eye drops commercially available in Spain
2016, Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de OftalmologiaDetermination of phosphate concentration and pH in artificial tear drops
2016, Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de OftalmologiaManagement strategies for persistent epithelial defects of the cornea
2014, Saudi Journal of OphthalmologyCitation Excerpt :This is sometimes referred to as “medicamentosa,” or toxic keratitis stemming from topical ophthalmic medications themselves. Common offenders tend to be antibiotics, antivirals, and anti-glaucoma medications; however preservatives such as benzalkonium chloride ubiquitous in ophthalmic preparations are usually the real culprit.5,6 Although discontinuation of the offending agent may not be medically indicated given the ocular circumstance, if indicated, however, shifting to a different agent or stopping altogether may prove to be curative.1
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Supported in part by NEI National Research Service Award, EY07053.