Neuropeptide y-immunoreactive nerves in the uvea of guinea pig and rat

doi:10.1016/0304-3940(83)90417-2

Neuroscience Letters

Volume 42, Issue 1, 21 November 1983, Pages 33-38

https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(83)90417-2 Get rights and content

Abstract

Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-immunoreactivity has been localized to a rich network of fibres in the uvea of guinea pig and rat. In the iris, NPY-immunoreacive nerves were present in iridial smooth muscle and around blood vessels; similarly throughout the choroid a dense network of NPY-immunoreactive fibres was found surrounding the choroidal vascularization. Following sympathectomy a marked decrease of NPY-immunoreactivity, in particular in the iris and less marked in the coroid, was noted, indicating that these fibres may originate at least in part from neuronal cell bodies in the superior cervical ganglion. The close relationship of the NPY-immunoreactive fibres to blood vessels in both anterior and posterior uvea is consistent with the established vasoconstrictor action of this peptide.

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There is no doubt, that SP and CGRP belong to the sensory system. However, for NPY for instance, sympathetic denervation in animal experiments reduced much but not all of the immunoreactivities in the iris/ciliary body complex and even less so in the choroid (Bruun et al., 1984; Terenghi et al., 1983). This may indicate additional sources of immunoreactivities apart from the sympathetic one and indeed, ganglion cells in the PPG and CG have been stained for NPY at least in certain species (see above).
Over the last five decades, several neuropeptides have been discovered which subsequently have been found to be highly conserved during evolution, to be widely distributed both in the central and peripheral nervous system and which act as neurotransmitters and/or neuromodulators. In the eye, the first peptide to be explored was substance P which was reported to be present in the retina but also in peripherally innervated tissues of the eye. Substance P is certainly the best characterized peptide which has been found in sensory neurons innervating the eye. Functionally, it has been shown to act trophically on corneal wound healing and to participate in the irritative response in lower mammals, a model for neurogenic inflammation, where it mediates the noncholinergic nonadrenergic contraction of the sphincter muscle. Over the last three decades, the interest has extended to investigate the presence and distribution of other neuropeptides including calcitonin gene-related peptide, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, neuropeptide Y, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptides, cholecystokinin, somatostatin, neuronal nitric oxide, galanin, neurokinin A or secretoneurin and important functional results have been obtained for these peptides. This review focuses on summarizing the current knowledge about neuropeptides in the eye excluding the retina and retinal pigment epithelium and to elucidate their potential functional significance.
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The effects of acute and chronic treatment with the tricyclic antidepressant drugs, imipramine, clomipramine and desipramine on levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and prepro-NPY-mRNA were studied in different areas of the rat brain. Chronic treatment with imipramine (6.3–25 mg/kg/day) for 10–30 days caused an approx. 15–25% reduction in NPY immunoreactivity in the frontal cortex, but only insignificant changes in striatum, hippocampus, amygdala and hypothalamus. Slight and insignificant changes in the concentrations of prepro-NPY-mRNA were also detected by Northern blot analysis in these brain areas. Only in the hypothalamus was a 20% increase in prepro-NPY-mRNA found. NPY or prepro-NPY-mRNA levels were not altered 3 or 24 h after a single injection of imipramine. The effects of clomipramine and desipramine, at doses of 25 mg/kg daily for 10 days, were investigated in the frontal cortex and in the hippocampus. Except for a slight decrease in prepro-NPY-mRNA in the frontal cortex after desipramine no significant changes in NPY tissue levels or prepro-NPY-mRNA concentrations were observed in the frontal cortex and the hippocampus. In summary, treatment with the three tricyclic antidepressant drugs had no consistent effects on the brain NPY system. These data do not support the previous suggestion that antidepressant drugs may exert their actions by increasing NPY levels in the brain.

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Neuropeptide y-immunoreactive nerves in the uvea of guinea pig and rat

Abstract

Neuropeptides

Lancet

Neurosci. Lett.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) reduces myocardial perfusion and inhibits the force of contraction of the isolated perfused rabbit heart

Regulat. Peptides

Co-storage of a novel neuropeptide, neuropeptide Y, with catecholamines in the rat locus coeruleus

A new universal technique for the immunocytochemical localisation of peptidergic innervation

J. Endocr.

Localisation of enkephalin, substance P, neurotensin and somatostatin immunoreactivity within the amacrine cells of the retina

Anat. Rec.

Localisation of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity in extrinsic noradrenergic and intrinsic gut neurons