Original ArticlesCytomegalovirus retinitis in immunosuppressed children
Section snippets
Patients and methods
The computerized medical and ophthalmic records at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, were reviewed to identify all children under 16 years of age diagnosed with or treated for cytomegalovirus retinitis from July 1985 to November 1995. The following data were obtained on initial examination with cytomegalovirus retinitis: age, underlying systemic diagnosis, medications, T-lymphocyte subsets (when performed), and extraocular manifestations of cytomegalovirus infection.
Results
Nine children were diagnosed with or treated for cytomegalovirus retinitis during this 10-year interval. The median age at diagnosis of cytomegalovirus retinitis was 2 years (range, 0.3 to 15.9 years). The ratio of males to females was 1.25:1. All nine children had an underlying medical disorder (Table 1) including severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (n = 3), AIDS (n = 3), congenital cytomegalovirus infection (n = 1), previous renal transplantation (n = 1), and acute lymphocytic leukemia
Discussion
The underlying systemic disorders associated with development of cytomegalovirus retinitis in our series included severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS, congenital cytomegalovirus infection, previous renal or bone marrow transplantation, and chemotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Most of the children exhibited additional signs of disseminated cytomegalovirus infection, including symptomatic extraocular cytomegalovirus infection in 56% and laboratory evidence of acute systemic
References (58)
- et al.
Cytomegalovirus retinitis
Surv Ophthalmol
(1989) - et al.
Combined intravenous ganciclovir and foscarnet for children with recurrent cytomegalovirus retinitis
Ophthalmology
(1995) - et al.
Cytomegaloviremia in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia
J Pediatr
(1975) - et al.
Antiviral therapy with ganciclovir for cytomegalovirus retinitis and bilateral exudative retinal detachments in an immunocompromised child
Ophthalmology
(1986) - et al.
Treatment of aggressive cytomegalovirus retinitis with ganciclovir in combination with foscarnet in a child infected with human immunodeficiency virus
J Pediatr
(1992) - et al.
Treatment of bilateral cytomegalovirus retinitis with sustained-release ganciclovir implants in a child
Am J Ophthalmol
(1996) - et al.
Survival of patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome after development of cytomegalovirus retinopathyUCLA CMV Retinopathy Study Group
Ophthalmology
(1990) - et al.
Longitudinal study of cytomegalovirus retinitis in acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Ophthalmology
(1990) - et al.
Correlation between CD4+ counts and prevalence of cytomegalovirus retinitis and human immunodeficiency virus-related noninfectious retinal vasculopathy in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Am J Ophthalmol
(1993) - et al.
Cytomegalovirus retinitis as the initial manifestation of acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Am J Ophthalmol
(1987)
A masked progressive evaluation of outcome parameters for cytomegalovirus-related retinal detachment surgery in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Ophthalmology
Treatment of cytomegalovirus retinopathy with ganciclovir
Ophthalmology
Treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis with ganciclovir
Ophthalmology
Diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection
Rev Infect Dis
Virologic and pathogenic aspects of cytomegalovirus infection
Rev Infect Dis
Interactions of cytomegalovirus with the human immune system
Rev Infect Dis
Ocular manifestations in pediatric patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Arch Ophthalmol
Cytomegalovirus infection in children with AIDS
Rev Infect Dis
The ocular complications of HIV in the pediatric population
Screening for cytomegalovirus retinitis in children
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in infants
N Engl J Med
Cytomegalovirus transmission in special-care centers for mentally retarded children
Pediatrics
Ganciclovir treatment of life- or sight-threatening cytomegalovirus infectionexperience in 314 immunocompromised patients
Rev Infect Dis
Foscarnet therapy of cytomegalovirus retinitis in AIDS
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
Treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis with trisodium phosphonoformate hexahydrate (foscarnet)
J Infect Dis
Beidseitige Zytomegalie-Retinitis bei einem Saugling mit letal verlaufenem konnatalen AIDS
Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd
Cytomegalovirus retinitis in an infant with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Pediatrics
Retinite chez un nourrisson infecte par le VIH
Arch Fr Pediatr
Cited by (54)
Causes of infectious pediatric uveitis: A review
2024, Survey of OphthalmologyCytomegalovirus papilitis in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
2020, Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologia ClinicaInfective Uveitis, Retinitis, and Chorioretinitis
2018, Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious DiseasesBilateral cytomegalovirus retinitis in a healthy infant
2017, Journal of Current OphthalmologyCongenital infections of the eye
2016, Taylor and Hoyt's Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Fifth EditionUveitis, Retinitis, and Chorioretinitis
2012, Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Fourth Edition