Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
Major ArticleA comparison of Lea Symbol vs ETDRS letter distance visual acuity in a population of young children with a high prevalence of astigmatism
Section snippets
Subjects
Subjects were 482 children who were enrolled in kindergarten or first grade in a school on the Tohono O'odham Reservation in southern Arizona during the 2005/2006, 2006/2007, or 2007/2008 academic years. All were participants in a longitudinal study of the development and treatment of astigmatism-related amblyopia, in children age 6 months through first grade. All study participants who are at least 3 years of age undergo an eye examination with cycloplegic refraction, followed by assessment of
Study Sample
A total of 482 kindergarten and first-grade children were enrolled in the study and completed the eye examination between September 2005 and August 2008. Data were excluded from 3 children who refused cycloplegic drops at the eye examination, 16 children who were older than 8 years of age at the vision testing session, and 25 children who did not complete the vision testing session. The mean age of the final sample of 438 children was 6.2 years (SD 0.6; range, 5.2-7.8 years) at the exam, and
Acknowledgments
The authors thank the Tohono O'odham Nation, the Indian Oasis/Baboquivari School District, the Bureau of Indian Affairs Office of Indian Education Programs (BIA OIEP, Papago/Pima Agency), the San Xavier Mission School, and our NIH/NEI Data Monitoring and Oversight Committee (Maureen Maguire, PhD [former chair], Robert Hardy, PhD [current chair], Morgan Ashley, Donald Everett, MA, Jonathan Holmes, MD, Cynthia Norris, and Karla Zadnik, OD, PhD).
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Cited by (40)
Agreement between Lea Symbols and Patti Pics visual acuity in children and adults
2023, Journal of OptometryThe dynamic optotype (Dyop): a novel visual acuity test for use in children
2021, Journal of AAPOSCitation Excerpt :Although there is a recognized difference in mean visual acuity by different optotypes and different presentations, such as the 0.42-line difference between PEDIG’s EVA and E-ETDRS,6 the difference of less than 1 in 5 letters found in this study is similar to the Handy Eye Chart study.2 This validation study of the Dyop visual acuity test chart was patterned after the study used to validate the Lea symbol chart, which has been used and assessed in several studies.7-11 Although conventional visual acuity testing relies on central fixation on a steady small optotype projected on the foveola in the macula, with other testing methods, other visual signals are conveyed from extramacular representation and also movement.
Normative data for the redesigned Kay Pictures visual acuity test
2020, Journal of AAPOSComparison of the visual acuity after photorefractive keratectomy using Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Chart and E-chart
2016, Journal of Current OphthalmologyCitation Excerpt :One of the reasons could be the limitation in the number of optotypes in the ETDRS versus the E-chart since the patients had a weaker chance of guessing. This finding is different from the results of a study by Dobson in 200917 that reported that participants had a better visual acuity when using charts with fewer optotypes. However, in that study, the optotypes were different in the two evaluated charts while we used letters in both charts.
Clinical aspects of normal and abnormal visual development and delayed visual maturation
2016, Taylor and Hoyt's Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Fifth EditionAssessing the utility of visual acuity measures in visual prostheses
2015, Vision ResearchCitation Excerpt :Each size corresponds to a spatial frequency, and the resulting visual acuity is defined by the smallest shape that can be correctly identified by the observer. The most common shapes used for visual acuity tests are letters from the alphabet, such as used in the Snellen chart and in the ETDRS test (Dobson et al., 2009). Non-alphabetic charts and methods were introduced to assess visual acuity for infants and kindergarten children (Ferris et al., 1982).
Supported by grant U10 EY13153 (EMH) from the National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; by unrestricted funds to the Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science from Research to Prevent Blindness (JMM); and by a Career Development Award from Research to Prevent Blindness (EMH).
Presented in part at the 2007 Annual Meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, May 6-10.
Study conducted at the University of Arizona.