Purpose: Posterior capsular opacification is the most common surgically related cause of reduced vision after cataract surgery. We studied the effect of capsulorhexis size on the pattern and severity of posterior capsular opacification.
Methods: In this prospective study 75 patients underwent standardized phacoemulsification with capsulorhexis and in-the-bag placement of a 5.5-mm polymethylmethacrylate intraocular lens implant. The patients were randomly assigned to receive either a small capsulorhexis of 4.5 to 5 mm to lie completely on the intraocular lens optic or a large capsulorhexis of 6 to 7 mm to lie completely off the lens optic. Patients were examined at days 1, 14, 30, 90, and 180 and at year 1 with logMAR visual acuity assessment, Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity testing, anterior chamber flare and cell measurement, and high-resolution digital retroillumination imaging of the posterior capsule. The pattern of posterior capsular opacification was determined, and the percentage area of posterior capsular opacification was calculated for each image with dedicated image analysis software.
Results: Large capsulorhexes were associated with significantly more wrinkling of the posterior capsule and worse posterior capsular opacification than small capsulorhexes. At 1 year the average percentage area of posterior capsular opacification was 32.7% for small capsulorhexes (95% confidence interval, 19.8 to 45.6) and 66.2% for large capsulorhexes (95% confidence interval, 57.7 to 74.6) (P = .0001). The patients with large capsulorhexes had significantly poorer visual acuities and a trend toward worse contrast sensitivities.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated significantly greater wrinkling and opacification of the posterior capsule and worse visual acuity with large capsulorhexes than with small capsulorhexes. In cataract surgery with a polymethylmethacrylate intraocular lens, a small capsulorhexis with the edge completely on the surface of the implant is preferable to a large capsulorhexis in reducing posterior capsular opacification.