Aim: A limited literature addresses the cost-effectiveness of the prevention and treatment of trachoma and its sequelae. The literature focuses on government costs. This paper motivates the inclusion of and details methods for measuring the costs for the target population.
Methods: Costs to the targeted population can be measured while studying efficacy or effectiveness. These costs can be added to the more frequently measured costs to the government to calculate costs for the entire society. This section indicates the types of costs to consider, refines the concept of costs, describes the necessary data, outlines how the methods of data collection fit with the methods that would be employed for a general effectiveness study, and describes the appropriate calculation of a cost-effectiveness ratio.
Results: The costs to the targeted population can be measured with few additional resources. Placing a value on villagers' time or translating clinical results into summary, preference-based health-related quality of life measures would increase the resources required more substantially.
Discussion: For theoretical and practical reasons, future cost-effectiveness analyses of the full SAFE strategy and the antibiotic component of the strategy should be done from a perspective that includes both the government and the targeted population. This can be useful in policy making and increase our understanding of reasons for less than universal participation.