Objectives: To investigate the effects of prostaglandin analogues on the blood-aqueous barrier and to evaluate the occurrence of cystoid macular edema in aphakic or pseudophakic patients with glaucoma.
Methods: In this randomized, masked-observer, 6-month clinical trial, patients with primary open-angle, pseudophakic, or aphakic glaucoma were treated once daily with bimatoprost (n = 16), latanoprost (n = 15), or travoprost (n = 17) or twice daily with unoprostone (n = 16) or lubricant drops (control group) (n = 16). Blood-aqueous barrier status, which was assessed using a laser flare meter; intraocular pressure; the occurrence of angiographic cystoid macular edema; and conjunctival hyperemia were evaluated.
Results: Mean flare values were significantly higher in the bimatoprost, latanoprost, and travoprost groups throughout follow-up (P < .02). Four latanoprost-treated eyes, 1 bimatoprost-treated eye, and 1 travoprost-treated eye developed cystoid macular edema; all cases resolved after discontinuation of the prostaglandin analogue and treatment with topical diclofenac sodium. Mean intraocular pressure reductions after 6 months were higher for the latanoprost (26%), bimatoprost (28%), and travoprost (29%) groups than for the control (3%) and unoprostone (14%) groups (P< .05). Bimatoprost induced significantly higher hyperemia scores than latanoprost, unoprostone, and placebo (P< .01).
Conclusion: Bimatoprost, latanoprost, and travoprost use may lead to disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier in patients with pseudophakia and aphakia.