Over a decade, laser trabeculoplasty has evolved from being a novel new treatment to one that is a commonly accepted intervention in the management of open-angle glaucoma. Despite its widespread use, however, there are still many unanswered questions about laser trabeculoplasty, including its mechanism of action and the ideal treatment parameters. In this review, we will discuss the history of the technique, the clinical experience, and some of the experimental studies that have been conducted to answer the questions regarding its mechanism of action.