Since more than a century ago, temperatures above 40 degrees C have been known to be effective in cancer treatment. Since that time numerous studies have documented that hyperthermia alone causes tumor regression and that the therapeutic effect depends on the amount and duration of heat delivered to a malignant tumor. However, after it was shown that heat combined with irradiation or chemotherapy potentiates the effect of hyperthermia, both thermoradiotherapy and thermochemotherapy were applied in experimental and clinical studies in several medical specialties. In ophthalmic oncology both retinoblastoma and uveal melanoma are treated by irradiation combined with local hyperthermia. In the present paper the use of ultrasound and microwave energy as locally applicable heat sources in intraocular malignancies is described and their suitability discussed. As is the case with malignant skin tumors and malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal and urogenital systems, malignant ocular tumors are accessible to externally applied heat and can thus be treated well by ultrasound and microwave hyperthermia. On the basis of experimental and clinical results gained with both ultrasound and microwave energy the advantages and drawbacks of these two technical modalities in intraocular tumor therapy are pointed out.