Cyclopentolate refractions of 146 premature infants disclosed higher incidences of myopia and anisometropia than those reported for full-term infants. Also, more than 70% of the premature infants had I diopter or more of astigmatism; 83% of the astigmatism was against-the-rule. Infants with shorter gestational periods had more severe myopia and astigmatism. Infants born very prematurely should undergo follow-up refractions to determine whether they retain refractive errors large enough to interfere with visual function.