As in other organ systems, there are ocular disorders largely unique to HIV such as Kaposi's sarcoma and cytomegalovirus retinitis. Other syndromes, such as acute retinal necrosis, although not unique to HIV infection, are well recognised in this group of patients and are sufficiently uncommon to make one consider HIV infection. However, most ocular signs and symptoms of HIV infection are common and non-specific, and require other clinical clues to raise the suspicion of HIV infection.