Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) causes severe visual impairment due in part to
age-dependent impairment of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). It has been suggested that …

Background Although vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a primary mediator of
retinal angiogenesis, VEGF inhibition alone is insufficient to prevent retinal …

purpose. Recently, intravitreal injection of corticosteroids has been in wide use as a
treatment for diabetic macular edema, and the outcomes have been favorable. However, the …

Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is a major endothelial
receptor for oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and is assumed to play a proatherogenic role …

purpose. Macular edema is one of the most serious adverse effects after retinal scatter laser
photocoagulation. It has been suggested that the changes in the distribution of retinal blood …

OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy of surgical removal of foveal hard exudates in diabetic
macular edema and to determine the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor …

Leukocytes play important roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Recently, 3-
hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors have been reported to exert …

Background To investigate the area of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and macular vessel
density (VD) after correction for magnification error in unilateral amblyopia using optical …

purpose. The activity of protein kinase C (PKC), preferentially β isoform of PKC, has been
shown to be elevated in the diabetic retina. Recently, LY333531, a specific inhibitor of PKC …

Background Retinal ishchemia–induced neuronal death is believed to be a direct causal
process in the development of many ocular diseases. The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl …