The pathophysiology of thyroid eye disease

SJC Shan, RS Douglas - Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2014 - journals.lww.com
The pathophysiology of thyroid eye disease (TED) is complex and incompletely understood.
Orbital fibroblasts (OFs) seem to be the key effector cells that are responsible for the …

The pathophysiology of thyroid eye disease: implications for immunotherapy

RS Douglas, S Gupta - Current opinion in ophthalmology, 2011 - journals.lww.com
Progressive advances in the understanding of the immunopathogenesis of TED continue to
spur clinical trials utilizing targeted immune therapies. Continued understanding of the …

Role of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) pathway in the pathogenesis of Graves' orbitopathy

TJ Smith, L Hegedüs, RS Douglas - Best practice & research Clinical …, 2012 - Elsevier
The etiology of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) remains enigmatic and thus controversy surrounds
its pathogenesis. The role of the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) and activating …

[HTML][HTML] Teprotumumab for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

TJ Smith, GJ Kahaly, DG Ezra… - … England Journal of …, 2017 - Mass Medical Soc
Background Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, a condition commonly associated with
Graves' disease, remains inadequately treated. Current medical therapies, which primarily …

[HTML][HTML] Teprotumumab for the treatment of active thyroid eye disease

RS Douglas, GJ Kahaly, A Patel, S Sile… - … England Journal of …, 2020 - Mass Medical Soc
Background Thyroid eye disease is a debilitating, disfiguring, and potentially blinding
periocular condition for which no Food and Drug Administration–approved medical therapy …

Evidence for an association between thyroid-stimulating hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptors: a tale of two antigens implicated in Graves' disease

S Tsui, V Naik, N Hoa, CJ Hwang… - The Journal of …, 2008 - journals.aai.org
Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) plays a central role in regulating thyroid
function and is targeted by IgGs in Graves' disease (GD-IgG). Whether TSHR is involved in …

Teprotumumab for patients with active thyroid eye disease: a pooled data analysis, subgroup analyses, and off-treatment follow-up results from two randomised …

GJ Kahaly, RS Douglas, RJ Holt, S Sile… - The Lancet Diabetes & …, 2021 - thelancet.com
Background Thyroid eye disease manifests inflammation and treatment-resistant proptosis
and diplopia. Teprotumumab, an insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor inhibiting monoclonal …

[HTML][HTML] Teprotumumab efficacy, safety, and durability in longer-duration thyroid eye disease and re-treatment: OPTIC-X study

RS Douglas, GJ Kahaly, S Ugradar, H Elflein, KA Ponto… - Ophthalmology, 2022 - Elsevier
Purpose To evaluate teprotumumab safety/efficacy in patients with thyroid eye disease
(TED) who were nonresponsive or who experienced a disease flare. Design The Treatment …

Increased generation of fibrocytes in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

RS Douglas, NF Afifiyan, CJ Hwang… - The Journal of …, 2010 - academic.oup.com
Context: The pathogenic basis for Graves' disease (GD) continues to elude our
understanding. Specifically why activating antibodies are generated against self-antigens …

Rituximab treatment of patients with severe, corticosteroid-resistant thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

D Khanna, KKL Chong, NF Afifiyan, CJ Hwang, DK Lee… - Ophthalmology, 2010 - Elsevier
PURPOSE: To study the effectiveness of anti-CD20 (rituximab [RTX]; Rituxan; Genentech,
Inc., South San Francisco, CA) therapy in patients with severe, corticosteroid (CS)-resistant …