British Journal of Ophthalmology Letters

Visual comfort and fatigue when watching three-dimensional displays as measured by eye movement analysis

Zhang, L., Ren, J., Xu, L., Qiu, X. J., Jonas, J. B. — 2013-06-12T02:50:28-07:00

Editor,

With the growth in three-dimensional viewing of movies, we assessed whether visual fatigue or alertness differed between three-dimensional (3D) viewing versus two-dimensional (2D) viewing of movies. We used a camera-based analysis of eye movements to measure blinking, fixation and saccades as surrogates of visual fatigue.1–6

Our observational crossover study included 28 subjects (age: 20–30 years) who watched a video (movie ‘Journey to the Center of the Earth’) presented for 40 min on a 3D display or 2D display. An eye tracking system (EYELINK 2000, Remote, SR Research, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada) was used to record the eye movements and pupil diameter. On one day, half the group watched a movie on a panel with a pattern-retard display technology for 3D viewing. On the next day, the participants watched the same movie on a 2D display. For the...

Grading in ectopia lentis (GEL): a novel classification system

Chandra, A., Banerjee, P. J., Charteris, D. G. — 2013-06-12T02:50:28-07:00

Background

Ectopia lentis (EL) can be caused by trauma or associated with ophthalmic and systemic disorders such as Marfan syndrome (OMIM154700), pseudoexfoliation or isolated EL (OMIM129600). It is therefore managed and researched by a wide range of physicians and scientists. To date, there is no validated method of classifying the clinical features of this condition.

Methods

A novel grading in ectopia lentis (GEL) classification system was created to encompass the possibilities of lens movement. This was assessed on anterior segment images from our hospital database of patients with EL of any aetiology. All pupils were pharmacologically dilated with a combination of tropicamide (1%) and phenylephrine (2.5%) drops. Primarily, subluxation (Sub) was defined as movement of the lens within coronal plane behind the iris, while dislocation (D) was defined as complete movement either anteriorly (DA) into the anterior chamber or posteriorly (DP) into the vitreous cavity. Subluxation...

Near-infrared transillumination photography to detect anterior uveal melanomas through black IOLs

Yusuf, I. H., Peirson, S. N., Patel, C. K. — 2013-06-12T02:50:28-07:00

Krohn et al describe a novel photographic technique using near-infrared (NIR) transillumination to detect peripheral anterior choroidal and ciliary body melanomas not visible on slit lamp examination.1 The described imaging technique uses a broad spectrum background light source to illuminate the fundus and external photography with a 720–1100 nm NIR filter to evaluate anterior uveal masses, permitting topographical description of tumour location in relation to the ciliary body and ora serrata.1 2

NIR transillumination photography may serve another essential clinical application as the first diagnostic technique described capable of detecting anterior uveal melanomas in patients implanted with black intraocular lenses (IOLs) who cannot undergo slit lamp examination.

Black IOLs are indicated in patients with intractable diplopia, visual confusion, unsightly leucocoria and a range of neuro-ophthalmic disorders.3 Despite high rates of postoperative satisfaction in patients,4 their use has been restricted by...

Papillorenal syndrome in a family with unusual complications

Megaw, R. D., Lampe, A., Dhillon, B., Yoshida, S., Wright, A. F. — 2013-06-12T02:50:28-07:00

Papillorenal syndrome is an autosomal-dominant syndrome involving optic nerve abnormalities and hypodysplastic kidneys (OMIM 120330).1 Precise incidence is unknown due to infrequent diagnosis. About 50% of patients have detectable mutations in PAX2,2 a gene encoding a transcription factor that has roles in urogenital and eye development.3 It is also expressed in the ear, central nervous system and pancreas.4 We present a familial case series of papillorenal syndrome and PAX2 mutation with gout, diabetes, unusual hepatobiliary complications and, in one instance, cryptorchidism.

Born with poor vision and right-beating nystagmus, our patient developed high myopia as an infant. Examination revealed excavated, dysplastic optic discs lacking central retinal vessels, with compensatory cilioretinal vessels at the rim (figure 1) At the age of 12, he was diagnosed with hypertension; imaging revealed hypoplastic kidneys. A diagnosis of papillorenal syndrome was made. Subsequent...

Is indocyanine green angiography useful for the diagnosis of macular telangiectasia type 2?

2013-06-12T02:50:28-07:00

Macular telangiectasia (MacTel) type 2 is a bilateral disease of unknown origin exhibiting characteristic changes of the macular deep capillary network and neurosensory retina.1–3 Originally considered a predominantly vascular disorder, the introduction of novel imaging techniques has altered prevailing impressions of its underlying pathophysiology, suggesting a significant role of structural changes to the neurosensory retina. The MacTel study, a major multicenter observational study, attempts to shed light on the natural history of the disease and to identify optimal surrogates of disease progression that could be used as end points in interventional clinical trials. In view of the exploratory nature of the study, various imaging modalities were used at baseline and on annual follow-up visits to investigate their contribution to disease diagnosis and their role in offering clues on disease progression. These modalities included colour fundus imaging (CFI), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA),...