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Ocular preservation with neoadjuvant vismodegib in patients with locally advanced periocular basal cell carcinoma
  1. Oded Sagiv1,
  2. Priyadharsini Nagarajan2,
  3. Renata Ferrarotto3,
  4. Thomas J Kandl1,
  5. Sudip D Thakar1,
  6. Bonnie S Glisson3,
  7. Mehmet Altan3,
  8. Bita Esmaeli1
  1. 1 Orbital Oncology and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
  2. 2 Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
  3. 3 Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
  1. Correspondence to Dr Bita Esmaeli, Orbital Oncology & Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; besmaeli{at}mdanderson.org

Abstract

Background/Aims Locally advanced (T4 per American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition) periocular basal cell carcinoma (BCC) can lead to loss of the eye. We report the neoadjuvant use of vismodegib followed by surgery in patients with such lesions with eye preservation as primary goal.

Methods This retrospective interventional study includes all patients with a T4 periocular BCC (per 8th edition AJCC for eyelid carcinoma) treated by the senior author between 2013 and 2017 with neoadjuvant vismodegib prior to definitive surgery.

Results Eight patients had a T4 tumour. Six patients presented with recurrent disease. Indications for neoadjuvant treatment were an unresectable tumour in one patient, an attempt to avoid an orbital exenteration in six patients and an attempt to avoid disfiguring facial surgery in one patient. Patients were treated for a median of 14 months (range: 4–36 months). All patients underwent an eye-sparing surgery following neoadjuvant vismodegib and all final surgical margins were negative for tumour. Five patients had a complete response to vismodegib with no microscopic residual BCC found during surgery; three patients had a significant partial response with residual tumour found on pathology. At last follow-up, a mean of 18 (range: 6–43) months after surgery, all patients were off-vismodegib and alive without evidence of disease.

Conclusions Neoadjuvant vismodegib for locally advanced (T4) periocular BCC enabled an eye-sparing surgery in all patients in our cohort. Prolonged treatment was well tolerated by most patients. Over half of patients achieved a complete response with no residual microscopic disease. Careful long-term follow-up is needed to confirm long-term disease-free survival.

  • neoplasia
  • treatment medical
  • treatment surgery

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Footnotes

  • Contributors All authors contributed to the planning, conduct and reporting of the work described in the article.

  • Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

  • Competing interests None declared.

  • Patient consent Not required.

  • Ethics approval This study obtained ethics approval by the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center IRB.

  • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

  • Author note At the time of writing this paper, vismodegib is not recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) within its marketing authorisation for treating symptomatic metastatic basal cell carcinoma, or locally advanced basal cell carcinoma that is inappropriate for surgery or radiotherapy, in adults. However, the drug is available for purchase to patients in the UK outside the NHS authority. For more information, see: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta489/chapter/1-Recommendations.

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