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Ocular manifestations of a hospitalised patient with confirmed 2019 novel coronavirus disease (see page 748)
RNA for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was detected in the conjunctival swab specimen 13 days after illness, with a brief presence and lower quantity than that in the respiratory specimens.
Prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment; and cataract surgical services in Katsina state of Nigeria (see page 752)
A survey in Katsina state, Nigeria revealed blindness prevalence of 5.3%. Avoidable causes are responsible for 86%. Cataract surgical coverage is only 28%. Women are worst affected. An accessible, gender-sensitive eye-care program is needed in the state.
Pterygium in adults from the Brazilian Amazon region: prevalence, visual status and refractive errors (see page 757)
In a city with high UV exposure, pterygium was found in about 60% of adults 45 years and older from urban and rural areas, potentially causing visual impairment and blindness in severe cases.
Evaluation of the risk factors associated with conversion of intended deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty to penetrating keratoplasty (see page 764)
In a series of 705 eyes undergoing deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty, multivariate analysis identified corneal scarring (OR=3.52), manual dissection (OR=42.66), type 2 bubble (OR=90.65) and surgeon inexperience (OR=10.86) as independent risk factors for conversion to penetrating keratoplasty.
Clinical and in vivo confocal microscopic features of neuropathic corneal pain (see page 768)
Neuropathic corneal pain without clinical signs is associated with reduced sub-basal nerve density, microneuromas and increased keratocyte activity. It is likely to represent a separate clinical entity, which may be associated with dry eye disease.
Dupilumab-induced ocular surface disease (DIOSD) in patients with atopic dermatitis—clinical presentation, risk factors for development, and outcomes of treatment with tacrolimus ointment (see page 766)
Dupilumab-Induced ocular surface disease is common in patients with atopic dermatitis. Significant disease responds well to periocular tacrolimus ointment
Intraocular foreign body injury in children: clinical characteristics and factors associated with endophthalmitis (see page 780)
This large, retrospective study found that clinical features of IOFB injuries in children were different from those of adults and age/sex-specific. Zone II wound and traumatic lens rupture were risk factors for endophthalmitis.
Keratopigmentation combined with strabismus surgery to restore cosmesis in eyes with disabling corneal scarring and squint (see page 785)
Keratopigmentation combined with strabismus surgery in cases with disabling leukomas and strabismus offers good cosmetic outcomes and high patient satisfaction, avoiding more mutilating or aggressive procedures, with a low complication rate.
Upside-down position leads to choroidal expansion and anterior chamber shallowing: an OCT study (see page 790)
Upside-down position leads to choroidal expansion and anterior chamber shallowing.
Understanding diagnostic disagreement in angle closure assessment between anterior segment optical coherence tomography and gonioscopy (see page 795)
Variations in the anterior chamber configuration may explain the discordance between anterior segment OCT and gonioscopy in the assessment of angle closure, which affects the diagnostic performance of this new technology when compared with the current reference standard.
Lamina cribrosa pore movement during acute intraocular pressure rise (see page 800)
The lamina cribrosa pores showed lateral movements after acute intraocular pressure elevation, and the movements ranged within pores within the lamina. The age and rise in intraocular pressure, and cup morphology were associated with this change.
Comparison of vascular-function and structure-function correlations in glaucomatous eyes with high myopia (see page 807)
Peripapillary retinal vessel density correlated with visual field defects in high myopia, even when retinal nerve fibre layer thickness were confounding due to segmentation error, suggesting its usefulness to evaluate glaucomatous damage in high myopia.
Selective laser trabeculoplasty versus topical medication as initial glaucoma treatment: the glaucoma initial treatment study randomised clinical trial (see page 813)
In this multi-site randomised clinical trial, the authors observed that selective laser trabeculoplasty was not superior overall in quality-of-life outcomes, to topical medication as a first-line treatment for mild-to-moderate glaucoma.
Specificity of various cluster criteria used for the detection of glaucomatous visual field abnormalities (see page 822)
This study evaluated the specificity of the commonly-used cluster criteria for defining the presence of glaucomatous visual field abnormalities and provides important evidence-based guidance for the appropriate definitions to use to avoid excessive false-positive rates.
Classifying juvenile onset primary open angle glaucoma using cluster analysis (see page 827)
Using cluster analysis the authors found sub groups of juvenile onset primary open angle glaucoma that could be defined based on their gonioscopic and iris features.
Profile of retinal nerve fiber layer symmetry in a multi-ethnic Asian population: the Singapore epidemiology of eye diseases study (see page 836)
In a multi-ethnic Asian population, the authors observed inter-ethnic differences in retinal nerve fibre layer symmetry profile. This suggests that an ethnic-specific normative database is needed, even among Asians.
MOG-Ab prevalence in optic neuritis and clinical predictive factors for diagnosis (see page 842)
In this multicentric prospective study, MOG-Ab were found in 14% of patients diagnosed with acute optic neuritis. MOG-Ab testing should be strongly considered in cases of unilateral optic neuritis with optic disc swelling, bilateral optic neuritis, or recurrent disease.
Mutation spectrum of the bestrophin-1 gene in a large Chinese cohort with bestrophinopathy (see page 846)
This study recruited the largest number of patients (number=92) with BEST1 mutations. Hotspots, penetrance and 13 novel variants of BEST1 were identified, and the mutation characteristics of BEST1 between patients with different bestrophinopathies were summarised.
Central serous chorioretinopathy: risk factors for serous retinal detachment in fellow eyes (see page 852)
The fellow eyes of 68 patients with unilateral central serous chorioretinopathy were studied to detect precursor signs of serous retinal detachment (SRD). Hypofluorescent foci on late-phase indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), retinal pigment epithelium changes and/or hyperfluorescence on mid-phase ICGA were associated with SRD.
Disproportion of lamellar capillary nonperfusion in proliferative diabetic retinopathy on optical coherence tomography angiography (see page 857)
The comparative studies of three-dimensional nonperfused areas revealed their disproportion between the superficial and deep capillary layers, between the intermediate and outer rings, and between the nasal and temporal quadrants in proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Photoreceptor morphology and correlation with subretinal fluid chronicity associated with choroidal nevus (see page 863)
A review of 232 cases of choroidal nevus with subretinal fluid using optical coherence tomography revealed that overlying photoreceptors progressed from normal to shaggy to retracted to absent, correlating with subretinal fluid chronicity.
Systematic ultrastructural comparison of swept-source and full-depth spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging of diabetic macular oedema (see page 868)
In the comparison of Atlantis SS-OCT and Spectralis FDI SD-OCT imaging of DME, differences in the representation and interpretability of distinct morphological features of DME were found. Prominent aspects such as cysts in the ONL and subretinal fluid can be graded with comparable confidence, while a significant systematic bias underlies chorioretinal and choroidal thickness, HRF count, and Sattler’s layer thickness.
Diagnosis and treatment of peripheral exudative haemorrhagic chorioretinopathy (see page 874)
Peripheral exudative haemorrhagic chorioretinopathy (PEHCR) is misdiagnosed as choroidal melanoma in 41% of patients and is bilateral in 22% of them. Haemorrhagic retinal pigment epithelium detachment is frequent and often associated with maculopathy. PEHCR heterogeneity on B-scan ultrasonography, choroidal neovascularisation on fluorescein angiography with polyps on indocyanine green angiography are relatively common. Regression of PEHCR either spontaneously or on IVTI and visual improvement after vitrectomy suggests that studies are needed to assess IVTI’s efficacy.
Vimentin overexpression as a novel poor prognostic biomarker in eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma (see page 879)
Vimentin overexpression in eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma correlated with poor survival and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers (E-cadherin and ZEB2). It emerged as novel predictor of poor prognosis and was associated with EMT leading to invasion and metastasis.
Footnotes
Competing interests None declared.
Patient consent for publication Not required.
Provenance and peer review Commissioned; internally peer reviewed.
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