Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy on choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) complicating central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) using multimodal imaging, and to identify possible predictive factors of the treatment response.

Design Retrospective study.

Methods Data of 27 eyes with CNV complicating CSC treated with anti-VEGF therapy (either ranibizumab or aflibercept) were reviewed. Response to anti-VEGF treatment was evaluated by change in visual acuity, intra/subretinal fluid modifications and CNV changes on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictive factors for central retinal thickness (CRT) change and for the relative degree of treatment response (complete, incomplete or absent fluid reduction).

Results CRT was significantly reduced at 32±15 days after 2.8±1.3 injections (p=0.0004) as was the subretinal fluid (p=0002). Complete fluid resorption was observed in 45% of cases. Best corrected visual acuity did not significantly improve (p=0.18). CNV area (p=0.09) and CNV flow area (p=0.07) did not significantly decrease. No changes in CNV pattern were noted. Univariate analysis identified greater CRT at baseline (p<0.0001), greater amount of subretinal fluid (p<0.0001), a shorter period of retinal fluid (p=0.04) and female gender (p=0.04) as predictors for CRT reduction. After multivariate analysis the factor of greater CRT at baseline (p<0.0001) proved independent. The degree of treatment response was dependent on the size of CNV surface (p=0.05) and flow area (p=0.05) on OCTA in the univariate analysis, and the latter independent after multivariate analysis. In addition, a shorter time period of retinal fluid appeared to play a role (p=0.01 multivariate, p=0.19 univariate).

Conclusion The anti-VEGF response was highly variable and often incomplete, suggesting that CNV was not solely responsible for the fluid accumulation. Predictive factors may guide indication for anti-VEGF in CNV associated with CSC.