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Psychosocial and mental health disorders among a population-based, case–control cohort of patients with congenital upper eyelid ptosis
  1. Tina M Hendricks1,
  2. Gregory J Griepentrog2,
  3. David O Hodge3,
  4. Brian G Mohney4
  1. 1 Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
  2. 2 Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
  3. 3 Division of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
  4. 4 Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
  1. Correspondence to Professor Brian G Mohney, Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester 55905, Minnesota, USA; mohney{at}mayo.edu

Abstract

Background/Aim Recent studies have demonstrated adverse psychosocial and mental health disorders among children with ocular disorders. The mental health burden of children with simple congenital ptosis, however, is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare the psychosocial and mental health findings of children with simple congenital ptosis with controls.

Methods The medical records of all children (<19 years) diagnosed with simple congenital ptosis from 1 January 1965 through 31 December 2004 while residing in Olmsted County, Minnesota were retrospectively reviewed for psychosocial and mental health morbidity. One-to-one randomly selected age-matched and gender-matched controls from the same population were similarly reviewed.

Results 81 children with ptosis were diagnosed at a mean age of 3.2 years (range, 1 month–16 years), 35 (43.2%) of whom were girls. An adverse psychosocial development was diagnosed in 41 (50.6%) patients with simple congenital ptosis monitored to a mean age of 21.4 years, compared with 26 (32.5%) controls (p=0.02). A mental illness was diagnosed in 31 (38.3%) patients with ptosis compared with 16 (20%) controls (p=0.01). Children with ptosis were 2.5 times more likely than controls to develop a mental illness and 2.1 times more likely to develop a psychosocial maladjustment. Patients with ptosis were also significantly more likely to have more mental health disorders (p=0.02) and a longer duration of psychotropic medication use (p=0.005).

Conclusions Children diagnosed with simple congenital ptosis in this population had significantly greater psychosocial and mental health morbidity compared with controls. Children with ptosis may benefit from early psychosocial intervention.

  • pathology
  • child health (paediatrics)

Data availability statement

All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information.

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Data availability statement

All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information.

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Footnotes

  • Contributors TMH acquired, analysed and interpreted the data, drafted the manuscript, approved the final work to be published, and agrees to be accountable for all aspects of the work. GG designed the study, revised the manuscript, approved the final version to be published and agrees to be accountable for all aspects of the work. DH participated in the analysis and interpretation of data, aided in drafting the manuscript and revising it, gave final approval of the version to be published, and gave agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work. BM conceived of and designed the study, drafted and revised the manuscript, gave final approval to be published, and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

  • Funding This study was made possible using the resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project, supported in part by the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health (R01AG034676).

  • Disclaimer The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

  • Competing interests None declared.

  • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

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