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Five-year change in refractive error and its risk factors: results from the Gutenberg Health Study

Authors

  • Julia V. Stingl Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Sol A Ban Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Markus Nagler Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Irene Schmidtmann Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Philipp S. Wild Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Karl J. Lackner Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Thomas Münzel Center for Cardiology – Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Manfred E. Beutel Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Norbert Pfeiffer Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  • Alexander K. Schuster Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
  1. Correspondence to Dr Julia V. Stingl, Department of Ophthalmology, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Universitätsmedizin Universitäts-Augenklinik Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany; Julia.stingl{at}unimedizin-mainz.de
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Citation

Stingl JV, Ban SA, Nagler M, et al
Five-year change in refractive error and its risk factors: results from the Gutenberg Health Study

Publication history

  • Received January 11, 2021
  • Accepted July 23, 2021
  • First published August 6, 2021.
Online issue publication 
December 15, 2022

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  • Supplementary Data

    This web only file has been produced by the BMJ Publishing Group from an electronic file supplied by the author(s) and has not been edited for content.

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